34 THE FAUNA OF SCOTLAND. 



The specimen from Bonar Bridge has the femora nearly all black, 

 instead of only the usual fuscous tinge in the middle. The slender, green, 

 almost unicolorous larva is injurious to the currant and gooseberry bushes, 

 according to the observations of Gimmerthal and Van Vollenhoven. 



21. N. FRAXiNi, Stg., sec. Thorns. 



Very common. The imago in May, and again in August. The larva in 

 July and the autumn months. Double brooded. Food plants — birch, 

 Salix aurita, and other willows. 



Fossil Marsh, Cadder, Kenmuir, Paisley Moss, Kilsyth, Touch Hills, 

 Kintail. 



Eannoch, Strath-Glass, Braemar, Bonar Bridge, Altnaharra. 



The larva is green; the body long. The head is paler than the body, 

 and has a line on each side, touching the eyes, but not uniting on the top, 

 and another line goes down the centre of the face. The mouth is brownish. 

 There are two blackish marks over the thorax, and another small one in 

 front of the first pair of legs. The cocoon is spun in the earth; the pupa 

 green. In some specimens the head is dotted all over with minute 

 fuscous dots. 



22. N. PUNCTicEPS, Thorns. 



Rare. Imago in June. Larva unknown. 



A specimen taken by Dr Sharp in Braemar seems to belong to this 

 species. I have another specimen (a male) from Milngavie, which is 

 probably the same. 



23. N. ABBREVIATUS, Htg. 



Very rare. Imago in June. Larva (?) July (May in Holland). 



Van Vollenhoven says that it feeds on the apple, in the leaves of which 

 it devours, when young, round holes in the centre, feeding in a curved 

 position on the edge of the hole; when it becomes older, it feeds 

 indifferently, on the edge of the leaf, or in any other part. Its colour is 

 green, which has a yellowish tinge when the creature is young; when 

 older, it becomes of a grayish-green along the back, the belly and legs 

 being paler, and of a tint approaching to yellow. The head is of a faint 

 brown tint, or very pale feuiUe-morte. The body is somewhat slender, 

 smooth, hairless, a little narrowed posteriorly. On each segment are two 

 rather thick folds, reaching to the spiracles; of these, that on the 1st 

 segment only is conspicuous, being comparatively large, and bordered with 

 black ; the others are much smaller, and have white borders. The 

 mandibles are brownish, eye-spots black. There are no abdominal legs on 

 the anal segment. 



Kaltenbach states that the larvae feed likewise on the pear, on which, 

 in Switzerland, they appear in great numbers, and do considerable damage. 



Braemar (Dr Sharp). 



