38 THE FAUNA OF SCOTLAND. 



38. N. RiBESii, Scop. 



= ventricosus, Kl. 



Too common everywhere. Imago in April and May, and again in July. 

 Larva in May, June, August, and September. Food plants— gooseberry 

 and red currant; also Bibes a^nnum (at Stonelaw). 



All over Scotland, and very destructive. The best remedy is careful 

 and systematic hand picking, the larvae being burned or destroyed with 

 boiling water. 



39. N, ALBIPENNIS, Htg. 



Not common. Imago in June. Larva unknown. 

 Dairy (Dr Sharp). 



40. N. BETULAE, Betz. 



Seemingly rare. Imago in May. Larva in June. Food plant — birch. 



I have not yet seen a British specimen of the imagine, but the larva I 

 found in June on the Shin, Sutherlandshire, above the falls. It has a 

 shining black head, with a sea-green body; below the spiracles, on the 

 sides, are orange-yellow marks, almost touching each other, the anal segments 

 being free from them. The body is likewise dotted over with little black 

 marks. 



41. N. PAViDUS, Lep. 



= Wttewaalli, Voll. 



Not uncommon. Imago in May and June. Larva July, August, and 

 September. Food plant — various willows. 



Gadder Wilderness, Bishopton, Houston. 



Rannoch. 



The larva has the head deep black, the mandibles brownish. Legs 

 yellowish- white, with a black spot at the commencement of the tarsi; 

 claws black; claspers glassy-green. Body green, except the second and last 

 segments, which are orange-yellow. A black line runs down the centre of 

 the back; on each side are two black lines, slightly broader than the central 

 one; below these again, there is another line of dots, arranged thus: in 

 front is a large roundish dot, then two smaller ones, and then a larger one, 

 while directly over the legs are two dots, placed one above the other, one 

 longish, the other roundish. The orange segments bear no markings. 



There are, I think, two broods in a year— one in the summer, and 

 another in the autumn. The larvae are most destructive creatures, and 

 often strip willows and osiers almost completely of their leaves. When 

 they do occur, two or three dozen at least will be found on a bush, and not 

 unfrequently I have noticed seven or eight feeding in a row on a leaf of 

 Salix caprea. Possibly the larvae of pavidus are referred to under the 

 name of N. caprea, in some of the Natural History periodicals, as having 

 done great damage to osiers. 



