LUBBOCK OS THE ANCIEXT LAKE UABITATlOXS OP SWITZEBLAND. 35 



fishes, 3 reptiles, 17 bii'ds, aud the remainder quadrupeds. Of the 

 latter, eight species may be considered as having been domesticated, 

 namely, the Dog, Pig, Horse, Ass, Goat, Sheep, and at least two species 

 of Oxen. The bones very seldom occur in a natural condition, but 

 those of domestic and wild animals are mixed together, and the state 

 in Avhich they are found, the marks of knives upon them, and their 

 having been almost always broken open for the sake of the marrow, 

 are all evidences of human interference. 



Two species, the one wild, the other domestic, are especially nu- 

 merous, — the Stag and the Ox. The remains of these two indeed equal 

 tliose of all the others together. It is, however, interesting, that 

 in the older settlements, as Moosseedorf, Wauwyl, and Sobenhauseu, 

 (Lake Pfeffikon,) the Stag exceeds the Ox in the number of speci- 

 mens indicated, while the reverse is the case in the more modern 

 settlements of the western lakes, as, for instance, those at Wangen aud 

 Meilen. 



Next to these in order of abundance is the Hog. More sparing 

 again, and generally represented by single specimens where the pre- 

 ceding occur by dozens, are the Roe, the Goat, and the Sheep, which 

 is most numerous in the latter settlements. With these rank the Fox 

 and the Martens. The Pox indeed, appears, whether fi'om choice or 

 necessity, to have been eaten during the Stone period. Thi<i conclu- 

 sion is derived from the fact that the bones often present- the marks 

 of knives, and have been opened for the sake of the marrow. 

 YvHiile, however, it is very frequent in the Pileworks of the Stone 

 epoch, it has not yet been found in any settlement belonging to the 

 Bronze period. Oddly enough, the Dog is, at least in the lake dwel- 

 lings of the Stone period, rarer than the Pox, though more common 

 than the Horse or the Ass; and of other species but few specimens 

 have been met with, though, in some localities, the Beaver, the Badger, 

 and the Hedgehog appear in some numbers. 



Tlie Bear and Wolf, as well as the Urns, the Bison, and the Elk seem 

 only to have occasionally been captured; it is probable that the latter 

 species were taken in concealed pits. 



Prom the small lake at Moosseedorf, M. Eiitimeyer has identified 

 the following list : — Of the Dog, 3 spechnens ; Fox, 4 specimens ; Bea- 

 ver, 5 specimens ; Eoe, 6 specimens : Goat and Sheep, 10 specimens; 

 Cow, IG specimens ; Hog, 20 specimens ; Stag, 20 specimens. 



It is certainly very striking to find two wild species represented by 

 the greatest number of specimens, and particularly so, since this is 

 no exceptional case ; but the whole sum of the wild, exceeds that of the 

 domesticated individuals, a result moreover which is confirmed by the 

 other settlements of this epoch. Not only does this indicate a great 

 antiquity, but it also proves that the population must have been some- 

 times subjected to great privations, not only from the necessary un- 

 certainty of supplies so obtained, but also because we cannot suppose 

 that foxes would have been eaten except under the pressure of hunger. 



In his first memoir. Prof Eiitimeyer gives an interesting table, 



1)2 



