S8 OIIIGIKAL ARTICLES. 



varieties at tlie present day, as for instance by the small sheep of the 

 Slietlands, Orkneys, Welsh liills, and parts of the Alps. At Wamvyl, 

 however, M. Eii'timeyer found traces of an individual with large 

 horns. 



Tlie number of wild species of Sheep is so great, and our know- 

 lodge of Ihem is so deficient, that M. Eiitimeyer does not venture to 

 express any opinion concerning the origin of our domestic varieties, 

 except that he is inclined to trace them up to several wild races. 



It is singular, tliat though remains of the Horse have yet been 

 found in all the Pileworks, they are so rare tliat their presence may 

 a]mo.st be considered accidental: thus Wangen has only produced a 

 single tooth, Moosseedorf, a metatarsal bone, which has been polished 

 on one side, Eobenhausen, a single Os naviculare tarsi, and Wauwyl, 

 only a fcAv bones, v.'hich may all have belonged to a single specimen. 

 On the other hand, when we come to the Bronze period, we find at 

 Steinberg, numerous remains of this species, so that, as far as these 

 sliglit indications go, the Horse, though undoubtedly present in the 

 Stone age, seems to have been rarer than it became at subsequent 

 periods. All the remains of the Horse belonged undoubtedly to 

 the domestic species. 



. Though he refers some bones to the Wild Boar, and others to 

 the Domestic Hog, yet he considers that the greatest number of the 

 remains of this genus belong to a diiferent race, which he calls Sus 

 scrofa palustris. This variety Avas, in his opinion, less powerful and 

 dangerous than the Wild Boar, the tusks being much smaller in pro- 

 ])orti<)n ; in fact he describes it as having with the molar teeth of an 

 ordinary full grown Wild Boar, the premolars, canines, andincisives of 

 a young Domestic Hog. He considers that all the bones of tliis 

 variety from Moosseedoif, belonged to wild individuals, while of those 

 from Nidau- Steinberg, Eobenhausen, Wauwyl, and Concise, some 

 bore in his opinion evidences of domestication. It has been supposed 

 by some naturabsts that this variety was founded only on female 

 specimens, but in his last work, M. Eiitimeyer combats this opinion 

 at some length, and gives copious descriptions and measurements of 

 the diflevcnt parts. He also points out numerous sexual difterences 

 in the S. palustris, of the same nature, but not so well marked, as 

 tliose of tlie Wild Boar. Eelying also on its well defined geographical 

 and historical range, lie denies that it can be considerd as a cross be- 

 tween the Wild Boar and Domestic Hog, or that the difterences which 

 He|>arate it from the former, can be looked upon as mere individual 

 pecidiarilies. He considers, indeed, that as a wild animal it became 

 extinct at a very early period, though the tame S^\•ine of India whicli 

 agi-ee clo.^ely with this race may perhaps have been descended from it. 



Our Domestic Hog fii-st makes its appearance in the later Pile- 

 works, as for instance at Concise. M. Eiitimeyer does not, however, 

 consider lliat it can have been derived from the Wild Boar (Sus 

 scrota), nor does he think that it was tamed by the inhabitants of 

 Swii/ei-laud, but is rather dis])osed to look "upon it as having 

 been introduced, and the more so, as he finds at Concise traces 



