CHURCH ON THE MTOLOOY OF THE OKANO UTANO. 87 



case tlie Biceps would closely resemble that of the bulk of the Qua- 

 drumaua. Mr. M'Whiiiuie ineutions, on the authority of Saltzmauu, 

 a muscular slip given oif from the Biceps, and having a tendinous 

 insertion on the outer part of the leg between the Gastrocnemius and 

 Soleus. 



The low insertion of the Biceps and of the Gracilis, Semitendi- 

 nosus and Semimembranosus, together with the greater size and the 

 presence of fleshy fibres throughout the whole length of the two 

 latter muscles, point directly to scausorial habits of the Quadrumana, 

 and must tend to relieve the strain caused by the weight of the body 

 on the knee during climbing ; and in the Orang, where the insertion 

 of these muscles was remarkably low, they must prevent the knee 

 from being straightened, and so incapacitate the animal for assimiing 

 the erect posture. 



The Glutceus Maximits was weak, and had a small origin ; it did 

 not reach to the spine of the ilium, and it was inserted into the 

 fascia lata and the linea aspera, Avitliout sending any fibres to the 

 great trochanter. The Glutceus Medius was largely developed, as 

 appears to be the case generally among Quadrumana. 



The Glutceus Minimus appears to be differently described by 

 various writers. Professor Owen* mentions its presence, but does, 

 not describe its origin ; while the muscle described as the Glutceus- 

 Minimus by Dr. Traill, I have regarded as the Gemellus superior, 

 which arose not only from the spine of the ischium, but from the 

 posterior edge of that bone as well. In the Cehus, the Glutceus Mi- 

 nimus is large, and arises from the dorsum and posterior edge of the 

 ihum. The muscle described by Dr. Traill as the Musculus Scan- 

 sorius, and mentioned by Professor Owenf as the Invertor Femoris, 

 was very well developed in the Orang, but appeared to be wanting or 

 merged into the Glutceus Minimus in the Cebus ; it arose, in the 

 Orang, from the whole of the anterior edge of the ilium to within 

 three-fourths of an inch of the acetabulum, and was inserted into the 

 front of the great trochanter: the same disposition of this muscle, 

 was found in the Magot. 



The Piriformis was large and well developed, but narrower than 

 in man ; in both the Magot and Cebus it had begun to be fused with 

 Glutceus Medius ; this is occasionally the case in man, when the Pyri- 

 f or mis is largely developed. J The Gemelli were large, especially the 

 Gemellus Superior, which arose not only from the tuberosity of the 

 ischium, but from the elongated ilium, also covering a space of one 

 inch and a quarter ; its tendon was quite distinct from that of the 

 Obturator internus, which was also of large size. 



In the Magot the Gemelli and the Obturatores internus and exter- 

 nus Avere present, but rather small ; the large size of these muscles 

 in the Orang, together Avith the presence of the small muscle 



* Proceedings of the Zoological Society, Vol. i. p. 68. f Ibid. 



X Mr. Hallett, Ed. Med. and Surgical Journal, 1848. 



