CHURCH ON THE MTOLOOY OP THE OEANG TJTANQ. 91 



tlie Flexor Hallucis in man, and the absence of any slips to tlie other 

 toes, but many instances are recorded, in which the tendinous band 

 which unites the Flexor hallucis to the Flexor communis, was pro- 

 longed, forming two tendons accompanying, but distinct from, the 

 tendons of the Flexor Digitorum which supply the second and third 

 digits ; in fact, so common is this, that Vesalius has figured it, (PI. 14), 

 and mentions it as no rare occurrence (p. 295), as also does Theile.* 

 NoAV this distribution of the tendons is exactly what is met with in 

 the bulk of the Quadrumana, excepting that in them, the branches 

 usually go to the third and fourth digits. Another point in which 

 the foot of the Quadrumana resembles man, is in the course taken 

 by the Peronceus lonc/ns, and I might add, also, the distribution in 

 gome of them (the Inuus and Cehus for instance) of the Peronceus 

 tertius. 



The portion of the Extensor Brevis Pedis which went to the hallux 

 might almost be regarded as a distinct muscle, for, owing to the 

 position of the hallux, its fibres scarcely mix at their origin with those 

 of the rest of the muscle. 



In the Cehus and Magot, owing to the hallux being almost in the 

 same plane with the other digits, the hallucal portion resembled 

 the other digitations of this muscle. 



The dorsal Interossei diftered in no respect from the correspond- 

 ing muscles in man, excepting that one on the tibial side of the index 

 had a second head attached to the hallux, exactly corresponding to 

 the Abductor indicis in the hand. 



This head from the hallux Avas not present in either the Cehus or 

 Magot, and accords with the greater freedom permitted to the hal- 

 lux in the Orang, for in the Orang the hallux can be flexed inde- 

 pendently of the other digits, and, in fact, it presents the closest 

 resemblance to the poUex. 



The Ahductor Hallucis arose from the calcaneum and the internal 

 aiuiular ligament, and chiefly diftered from that of man in the large 

 size of its origin from the annular ligament. In the Cehus and Magot 

 it arose by two distinct heads from the calcanemn and the plantar 

 fascia. In the Orang it had an insertion into the metatarsal bone 

 as well as into the first phalanx. djiw boiiqqw 



The Flexor Brevis Pedis arose by two distinct heads, separated 

 by the plantar nerves ; the upper and smaller head arose from the 

 ligament covering the astragalus, and fi'om the inner margin of the 

 groove on that bone which transmits the Flexor Lonc/us Hallucis ; 

 the lower and larger head arose from the calcaneum. This muscle di- 

 vided into two portions, and was inserted by tendons which gave 

 passage to the deep flexor, into the second phalanges of the second 

 and third toes. Dr. Traill describes it as going to all four digits. 

 In the Chimpanzee and Grorilla it goes to the second and thii-d digits 

 only (Duvernoy, 1. c). In the Cehus and Magot it arose by a single 



* Encyc. Anat. Tom. iii. p. 323. 



