94 OEiaiNAL ARTICLES. 



I was unable to find any record of a slip being given ofT in man 

 from tlie Latissimus dorsi* to the Olecranon, tbough. it frequently sends 

 one to the Pectoralis major on its posterior surface, or to fuse with the 

 Coraco-brackialis at its origin.f In man, tlie Pectoralis major occa- 

 sionally sends a slip downwards to the internal condyle of the humerus. 

 The variations of the extensor and flexor muscles of the hand have 

 been already described ; but I cannot agree with Wagner in saying 

 " that the Flexor Brevis is fused -svith the Abductor, and that the 

 Flexor Lonyus PoJlicis is only a tendon of the Flexor Profundus ;"| as 

 in all three of the Apes dissected the origin of the Flexor Longus 

 PoUicis was distinct from that of the Profundus. In the posterior 

 extremity, the Biceps appears the most svibject to variation of any of 

 the muscles, with the exception of the Perouaeus Tertius, both in man 

 aaid the Quadrumana. In the foot of the Quadrumana, which is too 

 often regarded as approaching more nearly to the structure of the 

 hand than of the foot in man, owing, I think, to too great stress 

 having been laid on the opposability of the hallux and the length of 

 the phalangeal bones, we find that in the Orang alone is the hallux 

 independent in its motions ; in all the rest, even the Chimpanzee, § it 

 is supplied with a flexor tendon in common with some of the other 

 toes, thus approaching nearer to the organization of the foot in man. 

 The other muscles of the foot are strictly homologous with those in 

 the human foot, and only analogous to those in the hand. 



The PeroncBus Longior, the Extensor and Flexor Brevis, and the 

 Flexor accessorius are foimd in the Quadrumana as in man, modified in 

 their distribution so as to suit the habits of the animals, but performing 

 similar functions, and having the same homological relations. In the 

 Interosseous muscles we see an approach to the Carnivora ; more espe- 

 cially in the Magot, which has sesamoid bones developed on all its 

 toes. "Wagner (1. c.) states that the interosseous muscles of the 

 posterior extremity are arranged like those of the same name in the 

 human hand ; but I tliink, from the descriptions before given, they 

 will be seen in all instances to resemble rather the Carnivora. The 

 anatomy of the Quadrumana, as mentioned by Vrolik, forms a most 

 interesting connection between the Bimana and the lower animals, 

 especially the Carnivora, as they possess so many points of resem- 

 blance to both orders. 



* Vide Editor'.s Note on the Latissimus dorsi, p. 542 of the preceding Niunber of 

 this Review. 



t Encyc. Anat. Tom. iii. p. 124. . J h c. p. 19. 



§ Vrolik, p. 20. 



