OLrVEE ox THE STEM OF DICOTYLEDONS. 299 



Tlie sequence of the Orders in the followiug list is, in the main 

 that of M. De CandoUe.* 



Bakunculaceae. — Clematis. Dutrochet, H. Sur raccroissement, des 

 Vegetaux, 1821, vii. 397. with fig.— Guillard, A. Sur la Moelle,t 

 Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. iii. viii. tab. xvi. 3. 4. — Buzareingues. Ann. Sc. 

 Nat. XXX. tab. vii. 3, 4, and Ser. ii. i. tab. v. — Schleiden. Princi- 

 ples of Botany, (Eng. Trans.) 251, (fig). — Quekett. Histology, 84, 

 (fig.)~Henfrey, A. Micr. Diet. ' Wood.'— Carpenter. The Mi- 

 croscope, (1856,) 431, (fig.) also (?) sub. nom. Aristolocliia, p. 440. 

 — Anemone. Vaupell, C. iiber d. peripherische Wachsthum d. 

 Gefassbiindel, &c. Leipsic, 1855, p. 21, tab. 2. — Hellehorus. 

 Link, H. F. Icones Anat. Bot. 1857, fasc. ii. xi. 1-5. — Cimicifuga 

 and Delphiiiiuin. Hartig, Th. Beitrage z. vergleichenden Anato- 

 mic der Holzpflanzen. Bot. Zeit. 1859, 93, 96. On absence of 

 medullary rays ; the structui'e of the vascular bundles, &c. ; Tha- 

 lictrum, p. 108, Bastcells in the wood. 



DiLLENiACEAE. Criigcr. H. Einiger Beitrage z, Kenntniss von 

 sogenamiten anomalen Holzbildungen des Dicotyleustammes.J 

 Bot. Zeit. 1850. 166. On the structure of Dolioca^-pus Rolandri, 

 with figures. 



Magnoliace^. — G-oeppert, H. E., TJeber die anatomische Structiu? 

 einiger Magnoliaceen. Linnsea. 1842, 135. Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 

 ii. 18, 317. — Drhnys Winteri. The wood consists of dotted 

 prosenchyma traversed by medullary rays, the cells of which are 

 punctuated and considerably larger than in Coniferse. — Tas- 

 mannia aromatica ofliers a similar structure. — Magnolia, Lirioden- 

 droit and lUiciuni differ in having dotted vessels traversing the 



* My best thanks are due to Sir W. J. Hooker, for the free access constantly 

 permitted me to his invaluable botanical library, which has been of very great service 

 in the preparation of this list. 



f Sections of Acer, Pla.ta?ius, Corylus, Fraxiuus, Broussonetia, llespilus, 

 yEsculvs, 4'c. are figured in this paper. 



X This important paper of Dr. Criiger's, comprising much information upon 

 the structure and development of lianes, does not readily admit of being usefully 

 abstracted. I have referred under the several orders, to the genera which he 

 describes in detail, noticing those which arc illustrated by figures. Among the general 

 conclusions to which the examination of numerous lianes leads this botanist, are the 

 following, (I.e. p. 49 1 ) . The essential points in which their stems ditfer from others are 

 — The greater longitudinal extension of the stem in general and of its elementaiy 

 parts in particular, during the first period of its growth and a proportional retarda- 

 tion oi' development in a transverse direction; a straighter and more separate course 

 of the vascular bundles by which the medullary rays acquire greater extension ; 

 a predominance of parenchyma and vessels, both of which tissues retain their 

 vitality until late, — the parenchyma its capability of multiplying, the vessels of con- 

 veying fluids. 



By the persisting vitality of the tissues is to be explained the multiplication of 

 the layers in the interior of many Uanes. The twistings and angular bendings of 

 many species are also to be ascribed to the same circumstance. The influence of 

 the development and fomiation of the leaves on the structure of the stem is veiy 

 marked in Bignoniaceae. The various divisions of the stem are mechanical, and as 

 they are not constant in position, are to be ascribed to several accidental causes. 



N. H. R.— 1862. Y 



