1 899] GEOMORPHOLOG Y 155 



other words, geographers are now realising that if we are to obtain any scientific 

 knowledge of geographical forms, Ave must first discover how these forms have 

 arisen. Geologists have for many years concerned themselves very much re- 

 garding this particular question, and now their fellow-workers the geographers 

 are realising the importance of making up for lost time, and are specialising more 

 and more every year in their studies of the origin of land features. So rapid 

 are the strides that have been made in this direction within the last decade that 

 the geologist is already beginning to be left behind. Those who have closely 

 followed the development of the science of Geomorphology are fully aware that 

 its foremost exponents at the present day are to be found in America ; and on 

 the Continent there are arising many workers who bid fair ere long to distance 

 even their American brethren. 



Thus it happens that the development of Geomorphology has reached a 

 phase at which that science forms a kind of debateable land between the 

 respective territories of the geographer and the geologist ; and, indeed, it seems 

 destined in the near future to take up a position as an independent science, 

 which will bear much the same relation to its parent sciences that Mineralogy 

 does to Chemistry and Mathematics, or that Palaeontology does to Biology and 

 Geology. 



For many years Professor Geikie has been one of our foremost exponents of 

 this branch of his science, and in the handsome volume of nearly three hundred 

 pages which Mr. Murray has published under the title of "Earth Sculpture," 

 the author has given us a summary of his own views on the origin of surface- 

 features in general, and in particular of those of his native land. The book is 

 written with that lucidity of style for which the author and his brother have so 

 long been famous. The get up of the book, as one might have expected from 

 the reputation of the publishing firm, is in every way excellent. Besides the 

 89 figures in the text, there are two reproductions of photographs by Mr. W. E. 

 Carnegie Dickson, showing in an admirable manner the mural weathering of 

 granite in Glen Eunach, in the Cairngorm Mountains. J. G. G. 



HENRY DRUMMOND. 



The Life of Henry Drummond. By George Adam Smith. 8vo, pp. 506, 

 with portrait. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1898. Price 7s. 6d. 



The author, who was intimate with Drummond from their college days until 

 the end, has gathered all possible material for his work, and no one else could 

 have written the book half so well. Its only fault was inevitable ; one learns 

 of the extent of Drummond's life, but its peculiar harmony is somewhat lost ; 

 memory is still too particular and sharp ; the book is new wine. 



Perhaps the author might have estimated more highly the significance of 

 Drummond's larger writings. They are the only spontaneous and ingenuous 

 flower of the doctrine of design within many years. Drummond lived in the 

 impression of nature and experience as one and divine ; it was accidental that 

 as Bohme, under the same impulse, used astrological terms, so Drummond spoke 

 in the no less inadequate language of current scientific doctrine. He found the 

 unity of the world neither in its dust, nor in a blind monstrous will, nor in a 

 dead system of concepts, nor in anything poorer than man, but in that which is 

 at least human all through. He seriously attempted a Theistic and even a 

 Christian doctrine of nature and experience, and he studied living creatures and 

 men's lives in detail to that end. His work was premature ; it was an impres- 

 sion rather than a construction ; but it stands as an isolated example of that 

 attempt without which theology cannot live. But the student was only part 

 of the man, and probably not the chief part ; these pages show an experience 

 and a nature of unusual width and graciousness. S. 



