238 SOME NEW BOOKS [march 



figures in the text are recognisable and will be helpful ; the coloured figures in 

 the volume of plates merit praise. On Plate X. Fig. 3, not 2, seems to re- 

 present Pseudomya splendens ; such errors are regrettable. The work bears 

 the mark of industry, and can be said to be successfully accomplished, so that 

 the expectation held out in the preface, that it will be of value to the systematic 

 zoologist, may be considered as realised. A. Badcliffe Grote. 



THE PHILIPPINES 



The Philippine Islands and their People. By Dean C. Worcester. 

 Roy. 8vo, pp. xx. + 529. London: Macmillan and Company, 1898. 

 Price 15s. net. 



Professor Worcester first visited the Philippines in 1887, as a member of 

 Dr. Steere's zoological expedition to that group. He remained upwards of a 

 year, and returned in 1890 for a period of nearly three years. He visited all 

 the important islands, remaining in each long enough to form a fairly repre- 

 sentative collection of its birds and mammals. In the present work he does not 

 attempt so much to present an account of his zoological work as to draw a picture 

 of life in the Philippines, and of the condition both of the settled districts and 

 of those occupied by various uncivilised tribes. To the latter, many of whom 

 are practically unknown to ethnologists, Professor Worcester devoted consider- 

 able attention, and has made valuable observations on their customs and beliefs. 

 Without setting himself to criticise the Spanish administration, he makes it 

 fairly clear that he did not find it ideally perfect in its relation to individuals, 

 or enlightened in its dealings with the economic development of the islands. 

 At the present moment, when these are on the point of passing into American 

 hands, it is important to note that so good an authority expresses the opinion 

 that it is very doubtful if many successive generations of European or American 

 children could be reared in the Philippines. The climate is exceedingly un- 

 favourable to severe and long-continued physical exertion, such as would be 

 necessary to develop the resources of the islands. An important appendix deals 

 exhaustively with these. The soil is of almost inexhaustible richness, and 

 cacao, coffee, guttapercha, Manila-hemp, bamboo, maize, rice, sugar, tobacco, are 

 among the plants of economic importance. The indigenous mammals are some- 

 what scanty, but many domesticated ones have been introduced. The large 

 European and Australian horses, however, do not stand the climate. Nearly 

 six hundred species of birds are known, including many rare and beautiful ones. 

 Snakes are numerous, and locusts appear every few years. The most destructive 

 insect pest is a larva which bores the stems of coffee bushes, often destroying- 

 whole plantations. Numerous species of fish are found, including a curious 

 fresh-water species which appears annually in the flooded rice fields, vanish- 

 ing in a mysterious way as the fields dry up. The book is well illustrated, 

 and contains a reproduction of an interesting old map of 1744 and a miserable 

 modern one. A. J. H. 



MB. BUTGEBS MABSHALL ON INSTINCT. 



Instinct and Reason : An Essay concerning the Relation of Instinct to 

 Reason, with some special Study of the Nature of Religion. By Henry 

 Rutgers Marshall, M.A. 8vo. New York : The Macmillan Co., 

 1898. Price 12s. 6d. net. 



Mr. Rutgers Marshall is known to psychologists as the author of a work on 

 " Pain, Pleasure, and Aesthetics." He there puts forth certain views on instinct 

 and its relation to impulse ; and these are elaborated and extended in the work 

 before us. His main thesis is that the ethical and religious instincts, of pro- 

 found importance to the human race, have been rendered innate and hereditary 



