June, 1846.] 73 



structure the cuticular lining of the gizzard of birds. A deep fold of the lining 

 and intermediate or muscular membrane passes from the left of the opening of 

 the oesophagus into the second compartment, transversely along the side of the 

 third compartment into the fourth, being somewhat analogous to the arrange- 

 ment in the ruminantia for conducting the ruminated food into the fourth 

 stomach. The fourth compartment is narrow and intestiniform ; the muscu- 

 lar tunic at its inferior half obtains a sudden increase, being extremely thick 

 and strong. The internal surface at the commencement presents a patch of 

 soft mucous membrane extending about two-thirds round the circumference of 

 the cavity, and about an inch in width, and is surrounded by an abrupt, thick- 

 ened, and papillated ridge of the epithelial structure, giving it somewhat the ap- 

 pearance of an excavated ulcer. The remaining part of the surface is formed 

 of the same epithelial structure as in the second and third compartments, but is 

 thicker, and is thrown into numerous transverse and longitudinal folds, and has 

 at its commencement several large and deep follicles, with mouths from one to 

 two lines in diameter. The pylorus is small, and presents no valvular arrange- 

 ment, but is capable of being perfectly closed by the agency of the very thick 

 muscular tunic and the approach of the internal longitudinal folds. 



The duodenum comes off from the stomach by a very abrupt thinning in 

 structure. Its lining mucous membrane is soft and villous, but has no valvule 

 conniventes. The openings of the hepatic and pancreatic ducts into it are 

 about one inch apart. 



The other part of the small intestine is, comparatively, rather short, and 

 appears to be pretty uniform in diameter, although it has a gradual increase 

 downwards, being the reverse in this point in man and some other animals. 

 The muscular coat of the small intestine is rather thin; the mucous coat pre- 

 sents a structure like that of the duodenum. 



The distinction between the small intestine and colon is pretty well marked 

 but the latter does not extend beyond the former to a sufficient degree to form 

 a ccecum. The commencement of the colon is about ten lines in diameter, but 

 decreases as it passes forwards or ascends, until at its anterior part, the diameter 

 is less than that of the small intestine ; it gradually increases again as it de- 

 scends, until it emerges in the extremely dilated rectum. It is not at all saccu- 

 lated, which appears to have been otherwise the case in Dr. Harlan's specimen. 



The liver is formed of large acini, is very little lobulated, and has no gall 

 bladder. 



The pancreas and spleen present nothing of interest. 



The kidnies are small, and present internally but a single papilla renalis pro- 

 jecting into the pelvis of these organs. 



The uterus in this individual is in a pregnant condition, being probably 

 about four or six weeks advanced. Its size in this condition is a little more 

 than one half that of the unimpregnated adult human uterus, and is pyriform 

 in shape. The ovaries are about the size of a coffee-grain, and at one extremi- 

 ty are in contact with the uterus. The Fallopian tubes are correspondingly 

 short. In structure the uterus is fibro-muscular ; the cavity of the neck is 

 lined by a mucous membrane thrown into numerous longitudinal folds. The 

 cavity of the body contains a single embryo. The two portions of the mem. 

 brana decidua, the reflexa and vera, are combined, forming a thickness of five 



11 



