668 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



riphery of the massive granites. He tliouglit the water occurred 

 in the form of inclusions in the granite constituents, which was 

 proved ten years later by Sorby. From this time on there was 

 the new theory for a mixed origin of granite. When synthesis 

 was applied it was found impossible to obtain granite by purely 

 igneous fusion. 



The new mineralogy has accomplished much and has extended 

 our knowledge of rocks and minerals far beyond even the dream 

 of its founders, so that to-day nearly all known rocks have been 

 formed artificially with the same minerals and under the same 

 associations as in Nature. Of the different mineral species but 

 very few remain which have not been reproduced in the labora- 

 tory, and each year decreases this number. The only ones which 

 have not been reproduced are epidote, allanite, zoisite, staurolUe, 

 disthene, andalusite, and tourmaline, a very small number, which 

 will probably be removed in the next few years. All this work 

 has been accomplished in a comparatively short period of time in 

 three countries, France, Russia, and Germany. 



Thus we see the new mineralogy has given breadth to the old 

 and has established a better foundation on which to build, since 

 it has disclosed the long-hidden mystery of the origin of minerals 

 and rocks. 



SCIENCE AS A MEANS OF HUMAN CULTURE.* 



By FLOYD DAVIS, E.M., Ph. D., 



PRESIDENT OF THE NEW MEXICO SCHOOL OF MINES. 



THE day has long since passed when men expected to meet 

 with success without faithful effort. We now realize that 

 one of the fundamental principles underlying success in any field 

 is concentration of thought and energy in rightly directed chan- 

 nels. We are glad to see so many of our higher institutions of 

 learning, particularly the technical schools through their labora- 

 tory methods of instruction, training young men to concentrate 

 their energies. The beneficent results of such training will be 

 enjoyed by generations to come. 



The trained intellect grasps in a comprehensive manner de- 

 tails which the untrained can never see ; it analyzes subjects in 

 all their bearings and gives wise direction to the advancement of 

 truth. In all scientific work, and even in the business world, the 

 demands are for men trained to comprehend subjects down to the 

 very details in a single glance. A business firm once employed a 



* An address delivered at the formal opening of the New Mexico School of Mines, at 

 Socorro, September 5, 1893. 



