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TEE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 



affected by proximity and a common language. The second group in 

 which the change is small consists of Great Britain, -\- 3 ; Eussia, -|- 2 ; 

 Belgium, + 1 ? Holland, — 2. The third group, in which the per- 

 centage diminishes, contains : Italy, — 5 ; Spain, — 5 ; Switzerland, 

 — 9 ; France, — 20. Evidently this grouping is not accidental, but 

 is due to a common cause. The first and second groups include, in 

 general, central and northern Europe, the Germanic, English and 

 Slavonic races, and the Protestant countries. The third group in- 

 cludes in a marked manner southwestern Europe, the Komanic races 

 and the Roman Catholic countries. The results for the German, Eng- 

 lish and French groups of countries, represented by the last three 

 lines of the second to the fifth columns of Table II., are shown in the 

 accompanying figure. Horizontal distances represent times and ver- 



(I < 



German Geodp. 



English Group. 



French Group. 



tical distances, percentages of membership. In the first group the 

 percentage of membership has increased about three times, in the last 

 group it has diminished nearly two thirds. The numbers in the 

 eighth and ninth columns, headed M and S, closely correspond to 

 those in the sixth column, headed 1908. 



The grouping according to country may be studied in four ways. 

 First, place of birth, to determine the effect of heredity or nationality. 

 Second, education, as indicating the relative efficiency of different col- 

 leges or universities. Third, residence, indicating perhaps the best 

 opportunities for work. Fourth, occupation, showing which universi- 

 ties have attracted the greater number of men of eminence. The third 

 form of grouping only was considered in the former paper and is given 

 there in Table III. Three of the European members, represented in 

 Table II., have called my attention to the importance of the first form 

 of grouping. It is not always easy to determine the place of birth, 

 and in a few cases the nationality has been assumed to be the same as 

 that indicated by residence. The most striking case of change is that 

 of the United States. Of the six residents, members of 7, 6, 5, 4, 3 

 and 3 of the seven national societies, the three members of 7, 6 and 4 

 societies were born in other countries. The argument in the former 

 paper, that better opportunities for advanced work should be furnished 

 in this country, is thus greatly strengthened. Three of the residents 

 in England were born in Scotland, or as many as in the entire United 

 States. Holland is increased from three to five. The order accord- 



