NATIONAL EXPOSITION AT RIO DE JANEIRO 119 



3,000,000 head of cattle. Kio Grande do Sul has a fine exhibit of live 

 cattle. Special mention may be made of the thoroughbred Durham 

 and Hereford bulls, of which a considerable number are shown. 



Whoever thinks of Brazil thinks of coffee, and whoever thinks of 

 coffee-production in Brazil thinks of the state of San Paulo, the greatest 

 coffee-growing district in the world. In the San Paulo exhibit the 

 visitor will see bag after bag, and sample after sample, of coffee, of 

 all grades, varieties, qualities, prices — confusing monotonous, if you 

 will, but very instructive. A large diagram, hung on the wall, shows 

 the export of coffee from Brazil in the year 1906-7. The total 

 amount exported was 20,190,000 sacks, of 60 kilograms each. Santos, 

 the world's greatest coffee port, exported 15,392,000 of these sacks. All 

 countries outside of Brazil exported only 3,595,000 sacks. In this 

 diagram these various amounts are represented by small coffee sacks, 

 and each of the sacks of the diagram really represents 50,000 sacks 

 of 60 kilograms each ! Whether the traveler to Brazil can manage to 

 get into the coffee district or not, he should surely not fail to see 

 Santos. As the steamer comes up to the city through the narrow 

 channel, winding about through green fields, one wonders where this 

 famous coffee port is, of which every one has heard so much. You see 

 some houses in the distance, very unattractive to the eye, and are told 

 that is Santos. Your surprise continues to grow until, on making a 

 final turn in the river you see, stretching out on your left, the famous 

 Santos docks and warehouses, with steamers of all sizes and of many 

 flags, lying two deep in many cases, the whole length of the docks. 

 Everybody is busy. Teams, and mule-carts and donkey-engines and 

 traveling cranes and porters — all busy loading coffee. Coffee is every- 

 where: in the streets, in the stores, on the train. If coffee is injuring 

 the human race, Santos is doing its best to accomplish that purpose. 

 From Santos to San Paulo there is a fine railroad journey up across 

 the Serra do Mar; a steep climb, by cable road, to 2,500 feet above 

 sea level. This trip should be taken by the late afternoon train. The 

 contrast between the hot muggy air of Santos and the cool, fresh air 

 on top of the Serra is then most striking and refreshing; the light 

 on the mountains is then softest and most varied. The views down into 

 the valley, with its many banana plantations, are very fine, and even 

 the least observing traveler can not fail to notice the extraordinary 

 precautions which have been taken to guard the line against washouts. 

 The whole mountainside is actually walled up, in places, and every- 

 where are seen the brick and cement drains and ditches which carry off 

 the rainfall. One of the engineers of .this road says that the ideal 

 for which he is striving is to know what will become of every drop of 

 rain that falls on these mountain slopes ! -To maintain this line, in 

 good order, is one constant struggle against the destructive action of 



