TEE PROGRESS OF SCIENCE 



517 



Map of the Antarctic Regio>-, 



Showing the expeditions of the Shackleton parties toward the south geographical pole 



and to the south magnetic pole. — From the Independent. 



Peary's farthest north. They were then 

 111 miles from the south pole, and 

 saw a great plain without mountains 

 stretching towards the south at an alti- 

 tude of 10,000 or 11,000 feet above sea 

 level. One pony after another had been 

 killed and eaten, and during the latter 

 part of the trip the supply of food had 

 been reduced to a minimum. The re- 

 turn was accomplished with great 

 hardships, the headquarters being 

 reached on March 4, after an absence 

 of 126 days, during which the distance 

 of 1,708 statute miles was covered. 

 Coal measures were found in the lime- 

 stone, and eight distinct mountain 

 ranges with over 100 peaks were dis- 

 covered. 



TWO GREAT FRENCH 

 NATURALISTS 



In the deaths of Jean Albert Gaudry 

 and Alfred Giard, France has lost two 

 naturalists of distinction, whose con- 

 tributions to our knowledge of organic 

 evolution were important factors in the 



most notable scientific advance of the 

 second half of the nineteenth century. 

 They both had in common with their 

 great leader, Charles Darwin, an ac- 

 curat6 knowledge of facts in broad 

 fields of the natural sciences and a deep 

 interest in theories and philosophical 

 generalization. They shared fully the 

 quick perception, wide insight and clear 

 expression which are characteristic of 

 French genius. 



Gaudry was born near Paris in 1827 ; 

 as a boy he was interested in natural 

 science and the collecting of fossils. 

 At the age of twenty-six he was ap- 

 pointed assistant professor of paleon- 

 tology in the Paris Museum of Natural 

 History. Before and after the pub- 

 lication of " The Origin of Species " 

 he was engaged in his researches on 

 the late Tertiary vertebrate fauna at 

 Pikermi, near Athens, and on Mont 

 Leberon. His work on the evolution 

 of horses, rhinoceroses and other ani- 

 mals of these regions is of fundamental 

 and classic importance. Other re- 



