OKEFINOKEE SWAMP 597 



they frequently meet with certain signs of its being inhabited, as the building 

 of canoes, footsteps of men, &e. . . . 



It is, however, certain that there is a vast lake, or drowned swamp,^ well 

 known, and often visited both by white and Indian hunters, and on its environs 

 the most valuable hunting grounds in Florida, well worth contending for, by 

 those powers whose territories border upon it. From this great source of rivers,' 

 St. Mary arises, and meanders through a vast plain and pine forest, near an 

 hundred and fifty miles to the ocean, with which it communicates, between the 

 points of Amelia and Talbert^ islands; the waters flow deep and gently down 

 from its source to the sea. 



About this time the swamp began to appear on maps, though often 

 located far from its true position, and with the name spelled in a 

 wonderful variety of ways. On old maps of Georgia preserved in the 

 Library of Congi'ess the following variations in spelling can be found: 

 Ekanfinaka (1790), Akenfonogo (1796), Eokenfonooka (1810), 

 Oquafanoka (1818), Oke-fin-o-cau (1818) and Okefinoke (1831). 

 The last agrees pretty well with the pronunciation used by people living 

 in the immediate vicinity at the present time, who commonly speak of 

 the swamp as "the Okefinoke" (leaving the e's silent or nearly so). 

 The name is said to be derived from Indian words meaning " trembling 

 earth," alluding of course to the boggy nature of the swamp. 



After Bartram nothing of importance seems to have been learned 

 about this swamp for three quarters of a century. Dr. William Bald- 

 win, the botanist, who resided at the nearest seaport, St. Mary's, from 

 1813 to 1814, wrote to his friend Dr. Muhlenberg, of Pennsylvania, on 

 February 26, 1814, of having Just been on a short botanical tour which 

 " extended to within about twelve miles of the celebrated Okefanoka 

 Swamp, at the head of St. Mary's " Eiver, but he seems never to have 

 approached it any closer than that. The description in Eev. George 

 White's valuable " Statistics of the State of Georgia," published in 

 1849, is copied from Bartram, the principal difference being that the 

 name of the swamp is there spelled Okefinocau. The boundaries of the 

 area, however, are located more accurately on White's map than on 

 some of later date. In " Historical Collections of Georgia," by the 

 same author, published in 1855, is a shorter description of the swamp, 

 from the same source, and the name of it is spelled " E-cun-fi-no-cau." 



Probably the first white men, other than hunters, to explore the 

 Okefinokee were Gen. John Floyd and his soldiers, who are said to have 



^At this point in the German edition (published in Berlin in 1793) the 

 editor, E. A. W. Zimmermann, inserts the following footnote : " Dieser Sumpf 

 ist unstreitig der Ekanfonoka Sivamp unter 30° der Breite; er nimmt aber auf 

 Purcel's Karte mehr als Einen Grad ein." 



* (Bartram's footnote.) "Source of rivers. It is said, that St. lUe 

 [Satilla], St. Mary, and the beautiful river. Little St. Juan [Suwannee], which 

 discharges its waters into the bay of Apalachi, at St. Mark's, take their rise 

 from this swamp." 



* " Talbert " is a mistake. He should have said Cumberland, as Dr. Bald- 

 win pointed out about ninety years ago. 



