I 2 THE NA TURE-STUD Y RE I 'IE W [ 2 . .-januarv, ,906 



of conifers that live in Florida, and those of the Rocky Mountains 

 and northern Michigan? (Roth. pp. 154-158). 



With industrial geography — What is the difference between hard 

 and soft woods and what are their uses? In building a house which 

 of the evergreens are used for the timber and which for the floors and 

 finishing, and where do they come from ? Describe how and where 

 the following industries are carried on : lumbering, wood-pulp, resin, 

 making and use of turpentine, tar and tan-bark. Why is lumber so 

 high priced at present ? 



With arithmetic — One branch of Austrian, pitch or white pine will 

 be of as much use in teaching addition, subtraction, multiplication 

 and division in the elementary grades as any apparatus ever devised 

 by ingenious educators. In fact these leaves are grouped in 2's, 3's 

 and 5 's as if specially arranged for an arithmetic class. The cone 

 also affords opportunities for counting and multiplying. If there are 

 two seeds beneath each scale, how many are there in the entire cone, 

 etc. ? The cone itself when closed invites to higher mathematics, 

 though I doubt if one trained in conic sections in college would be 

 able to work out the mathematical relations of the scales to the cone. 

 For the older classes the measuring of trees affords a practical and 

 delightful exercise in geometry. Any boy can construct with a jointed 

 pocket rule an instrument for measuring the height of trees, as des- 

 cribed in Roth p. 171. Calipers for measuring the thickness of trees 

 can also be made by any ingenious boy. After measuring trees let 

 the pupils compute the amount of lumber in each, using the log scale 

 given in Roth p. 259. This will be a most useful and practical exer- 

 cise for the older boys and girls. 



With English — Read with your pupils the following poems or such 

 parts as they will understand : Spirit of the Pine, by Bayard Taylor. 

 To a Pine Tree, by Lowell. The work indicated in industrial geog- 

 raphy gives interesting topics for essays. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 



The Tree Book, by Julia E. Rogers. (Doubleday, Page & Co., $4.00.) 



First Book of Forestry, Roth. (Ginn & Co., $1.00.) 



Practical Forestry, Gifford. (Appleton's, $1.25.) 



A Guide to the Trees, Lounsberry. (Stokes & Co., $2.50.) 



Familiar Trees and their Leaves, Mathews. (Appleton's, $1.75.) 



Commercial Geography, Redway. (Scribner's $1.25.) 



