Sinclair] DEFINITE PROBLEMS IN NATURE-STUDY 23 



Cephalanthus occidentalis — buttonbush ; Loniceraciliata — fly-honeysuckle; 

 Sambucus pubens — red- berried elder; Gaylussacia resinosa — black huckleberry; 

 Vaccinium Pennsylvanicum — low blueberry or blue huckleberry; Vaccinium 

 Canadense — Canada blueberry; Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi — bearberry; Epigaea 

 repens — tiailing arbutus or May flower; Gaultheria procumbens — wintergreen; 

 Cassandra calyculata — leather leaf; Ilex verticillata — winterberry or American 

 holly; Nemopanthes Canadensis — mountain holly; Quercus alba — white oak; 

 Quercus n macrocarpa — mossy-cup oak; Quercus rubra — red oak or black oak; 

 Myrica gale — sweet gale; Betula papyrifera — paper or canoe birch or white birch; 

 Betula lenta — black or sweet birch; Salix discolor — glaucous willow; Salix 

 humilis— prairie willow; Populus tremuloides — American aspen or poplar; Populus 

 grandidentata — large toothed aspen; Tsuga Canadensis — hemlock spruce; Abies 

 balsamea — balsam fir; Pinus resinosa — red pine; Pinus Strobus — white pine; Larix 

 Americana — American Larch or tamaiack; Thuja occidentalis — American arbor- 

 vitas or white cedar; Juniperus communis — common juniper; Taxus baccata 

 Canadense — ground hemlock; Amelanchier Canadensis — Canadian juneberry or 

 shad bush; Prunus Pennsylvanicum — wild red cherry; Prunus serotina — wild black 

 cherry. 



It will be noted that altogether there are less than 50 varieties and 

 a number of these were added in the previous year. 



The following is a statement of the height and circumference of a 

 few of the largest trees in 1904 and 1905. The first column gives 

 the height in feet, the second the circumference in inches in 1904; 

 the third and fourth give the corresponding measurements for 1905: 



Populus tremuloides, American aspen, poplar 35 12 37 14 



Betula papyrifera, paper or canoe-birch 30 16 32 18 



Prunus Pennsylvania, wild red cherry 29. 16 30.5 16 



Pinus Strobus, white pine 22 13 23 13 



Acer rubrum, soft red maple 22 9 24 13 



Quercus rubra, red oak or black oak 20 14 20 16 



Thuja occidentalis, American arbor- vita' or white 



cedar 20 15 20.6 16 



Pinus resinosa, red pine 19 11 19.5 13 



Larix Americana, American Larch or Tamarack ... . 16 8 17.5 9.5 



Quercus alba, white oak 15 8 16.5 9.5 



Abies balsamea, balsam fir , 13.5 9 15 9.5 



Tsuga Canadensis, hemlock spruce ." 11 5 11 8 



The time and labor requisite for collecting, identifying and mount- 

 ing specimens and for measuring trees in such an investigation is not. 

 great. Nor is^the collection of specimens a necessary condition of 

 such investigation. The study of the living organism from the gen- 

 etic functional standpoint is of much greater value than the mechani- 

 cal examination of dead specimens. One of the best features of such 

 work is that it presents obstacles which furnish a natural stimulus to 



