HYPNOTISM. 113 



however, the above results were equivocal, catalepsy occurring on the 

 same side as the stroking, or sometimes on one side and sometimes on 

 the other. In all cases of unilateral hypnotism, the side affected as to 

 motion is also affected as to sensation. Sense of temperature under 

 these circumstances remains intact long after sense of touch has been 

 abolished. As regards special sensation, the eye on the hypnotized 

 side is affected both as to its mechanism of accommodation and its 

 sense of color. While color-blind to "objective colors," the hypno- 

 tized eye will see " subjective colors " when it is gently pressed and 

 the pressure suddenly removed. Moreover, if a dose of atropine be ad- 

 ministered to it, and if it be then from time to time hypnotized while 

 the drug is gradually developing its influence, the color-sense will be 

 found to be undergoing a gradual change. In the first stage yellow 

 appears gray with a bluish tinge, in the second stage pure blue, in the 

 third blue with a yellowish tinge, and in the fourth yellow with a light- 

 bluish tinge. The research concludes with some experiments which 

 show that in partly hypnotized persons imitative movements take 

 place involuntarily, and persist until interrupted by a direct effort of 

 the will. From this fact Heidenhain infers that the imitative move- 

 ments which occur in the more profound stages of hypnotism are jDurely 

 automatic, or involuntary. 



In concluding this brief sketch of Heidenhain's interesting results, 

 it is desirable to add that in most of them he has been anticipated by 

 the experiments of Braid. Braid's book is now out of print, and, as 

 it is not once alluded to by Heidenhain, we must fairly suppose that 

 he has not read it. But we should be doing scant justice to this book 

 if we said merely that it anticipated nearly all the observations above 

 mentioned. It has done much more than this. In the vast number 

 of careful experiments which it records all undertaken and prose- 

 cuted in a manner strictly scientific it carried the inquiry into vari- 

 ous provinces which have not been entered by Heidenhain. Many of 

 the facts which that inquiry yielded appear, a priori, to be almost in- 

 credible ; but, as their painstaking investigator has had every one of 

 his results confirmed by Heidenhain so far as the latter physiologist 

 has prosecuted his researches, it is but fair to conclude that the hither- 

 to unconfirmed observations deserve to be repeated. No one can read 

 Braid's work without being impressed by the care and candor with 

 which, amid violent opposition from all quarters, his investigations 

 were pursued ; and now, when, after a lapse of nearly forty years, 

 his results are beginning to receive the confirmation which they de- 

 serve, the physiologists who yield it ought not to forget the credit that 

 is due to the earliest, the most laborious, and the hitherto most exten- 

 sive investigator of the phenomena of what he called hypnotism. 

 Nineteenth Century. 



VOL. XVIII. 8 



