DOMESTIC MOTORS. 217 



ponds to the wind-disturbed waters of the bays. Those fresh-water 

 fishes that do not wander away, go to the well-aired spots in their 

 neighborhood to spawn to the shore-waters, the wet meadows, or the 

 junctions of rivers, or to the tributary streams of the lakes in which 

 they live. Those salt-water fish which live at the bottom likewise go 

 to the waters near the shores, where the flats and the meadows swarm 

 during the spring with their young. The eggs of the cod and mackerel 

 are buoyed upon the surface of the water, where the winds blow con- 

 stantly over them. The stickleback will swim before its nest and fan 

 it with its pectoral fins by the hour. Thus every fish illustrates in 

 some way the laAV that a constant change of air is essential to the de- 

 velopment of its eggs. Agitated and sun-lighted waters are also most 

 favorable to the larvae of crustaceans and mollusks, of echini and po- 

 lyps, and to the microscopic creatures of which the food of the fry 

 chiefly consists, and thus fulfill another condition of the most vigorous 

 growth of the young fish. Translated and abridged from Die JSfatur. 



DOMESTIC MOTOKS. 



By CHARLES M. LUNGREN. 

 I. WIND AND WATER POWEK. 



THE situations in which a motor of comparatively small power can 

 be used' with advantage, and in which it is a necessity even, are 

 already very numerous and are constantly increasing. Not only has 

 it a proper place in the workshop, in the business house, and on the 

 farm, but in the household as well it has a wide range of utility. The 

 need for such a machine in our homes, created by the sewing-machine, 

 has been strengthened and increased by various other appliances in 

 use or coming into use, while such devices as fans for cooling rooms 

 in summer and ventilating them in winter further add to the re- 

 quirement. In suburban and country residences, and on the farm, 

 the primary need is for pumping water, and this alone renders a light 

 and economical power almost indispensable. For the performance 

 of most of the other mechanical operations upon the latter it is also 

 of the utmost value. In the field of small industries the uses to which 

 such a motor can be turned are as numerous as the varied occupations 

 of the workers. The necessities of numbers of amateurs further in- 

 crease the range of activity for such a power. The kind of machine 

 that is suitable to the varied needs of these different classes of users 

 necessarily differs in each. In most trades the demand for power is 

 for one of from two to five horse and above, and on the farm a ser- 

 viceable machine could not generally be much if any less ; but in the 



