2 52 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 



Tokyo Imperial University with doctorates obtained in engineering. In 

 addition Dr. Yokobori studied two years at Freiberg; Dr. Saito, one 

 year each at Freiberg, Aachen and Columbia; Viscount Inouye, three 

 years at Freiberg, Berlin and other German schools, followed by two 

 years in practise in the United States; and Dr. Watanabe, whose 

 specialty is electro-metallurgy, three years at Aachen. Dr. Oda, who 

 gives instruction in mining law, and Dr. Kambe, who lectures on indus- 

 trial economy, are also graduates of the university at Tokyo, as is Mr. 

 Tadasu Hiki, the instructor in geology, and Mr. Kenroku Ide, who has 

 been sent abroad to study metallurgy. Mr. Tetsujiro Imanaga, and Mr. 

 Shoji Takahashi, assistant professors, instructing respectively in mine 

 surveying and metallurgy, are graduates of Kyoto Imperial University 

 in engineering, who have not yet proceeded to the doctorate. Dr. 

 Yamada Kunihiko, who instructs regarding ore-deposits, though listed 

 as lecturer in mining, is a graduate of Tokyo with two years later 

 experience at Freiberg. The director of the College of Science and 

 Engineering, to which the Institute of Mining and Metallurgy belongs, 

 is Dr. Mitsuru Kuhara, who obtained his degree at Johns Hopkins for 

 work in organic chemistry. 



Formerl}^, Tokyo University was largely manned by foreign pro- 

 fessors. At present there are but 14 foreigners in the whole faculty. 

 At Kyoto the entire faculty is Japanese except 1 French, 1 German, 2 

 American, 1 Chinese and 1 English lecturer. There has been some dis- 

 position to criticize the promptness with which the Japanese dispensed 

 with the foreigners, but there can at least be no question that they have 

 been replaced by well-trained men, and in view of the imperative neces- 

 sity for economy, the move was not unnatural. As it is, nearly five per 

 cent, of the faculty at Tokyo consists of foreigners (not counting 

 emeritus professors) and the great majority of the instructors both at 

 Tokyo and Kyoto have studied abroad, following courses at home 

 roughly equivalent to that which leads to the Ph.D. degree in a first- 

 class American university. At the time when in the United States our 

 universities were copying most directly and actively after those of 

 Germany, there were few professors imported from that country. We 

 sent rather our own men to Germany to be instructed, and when they 

 returned the movement of students abroad largely ceased. Japan has 

 followed our example, except that she still continues to send her men 

 abroad for final instruction if they are to be entrusted with the higher 

 posts in the university. 



A university without students is but a simulacrum, and doubtless 

 the reader has begun to wonder about Japanese students. It is first 

 to be noted that they are all men — for in Japan coeducation does not 

 obtain above the elementary schools. Japanese children begin their 

 schooling at six and for the next six years education is compulsory. It 

 is confined to the elements of language, mathematics, nature study. 



