430 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW. 



Mammalia and Birds that are wanting to the British Museum," 

 is the following entry : — " Mammalia — Red Ox." 



There are two authorities in this country who have devoted a 

 considerable amount of time and attention to the study of the 

 oxen of the country — wild and domestic, namely. Professor 

 M 'Kenny Hughes and Professor Boyd Dawkins. With the 

 former I think I am most in agreement, and it would assist all 

 interested in oxen if Prof. M 'Kenny Hughes would publish the 

 data I believe he obtained in Russia respecting the westerly 

 migrations of men and cattle. With Prof. Boyd Dawkins I am 

 also in agreement, so far as he discards the indigenous theory 

 regarding the origin of our park cattle, for, if I am not mistaken, 

 he considers that our white breeds were originally introduced 

 into this country in a domesticated condition from the continent. 

 Prof. M 'Kenny Hughes suggests they are of Italian origin, but 

 with this suggestion Prof. Boyd Dawkins does not agree. I am, 

 however, inclined to think that Prof. Hughes's suggestion can be 

 supported, and will be found to be the most feasible solution 

 to the problem. It is rather unfortunate that the Urus has been 

 termed Bos primigenius, as many are misled by this, and regard 

 it as a sort of " Adam and Eve " of the bovine race, especially of 

 all the races and varieties of what we term now the Bos taurus. 

 But it does not occupy such a position, and is simply a species 

 itself, not entitled to any more regard than the Bos longijrons, 

 its contemporary. I believe there have been two distinct 

 migratory streams westwards of black cattle and white cattle. 

 The black or dark cattle, if with projecting horizontal horns and 

 a white stripe down the back, being able to trace descent from 

 the wild ox or Urus — the white cattle being of eastern origin. 

 Two such streams met in Friesland, and the black and white 

 Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle is the product, and such is their 

 traditional origin also. 



We have not, however, progressed far enough in our inquiry to 

 draw deductions, and Avhat I have been able to gather together 

 must be regarded more as a preface to the subject of our study 

 than anything else. I have compiled a bibliography, which also 

 is incomplete, but may be of interest and service to those desirous 

 of studying the question. I think I have indicated in both parts 

 of my paper what my personal views are, yet I would ask that 



