432 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW. 



found only in the vicinity of Pisa. In Venetia — the seaboard 

 and alpine province of Udine (the ancient Friuli) — the cattle are 

 an indiscriminate mixture of all the neighbouring races — Tyrolese, 

 Styrian, Carinthian, and Belanese, grafted on the local animal, 

 known as Friulanci, it itself being one of the numerous 

 varieties of a race of animals that now predominates in every part 

 of Italy. 



" This is the typical race of South-eastern Europe, which has two 

 sub-divisions — first, the Hungarian-Transylvanian, and secondly, 

 the Podolian-Moldere. Tyrolese oxen are first brought while 

 young into the province of Brescia (Lombardy) and thence 

 scattered over the plain under the name of Brescian oxen. These 

 animals are short-horned, of a greyish-white colour, and have the 

 characteristics of the Podolico race. They are tall and white 

 skinned, and the best come from Merano and Lana, in the Tyrol. 

 Oxen are also brought from Emilia into the provinces of Cremona 

 and Mantua, but those of the Tyrol are preferred. 



" In northern Italy there is the Piedmontese or Carmagnolo 

 i^ace — tall of stature, short-horned, and greyish-red in colour. 

 Emilia (or its northern part, about Piacenza) has a specific type, 

 called Bardigiana, in colour red or mottled with white, and long- 

 horned. 



" In the plain towards Parma, the Keggiana or Parmense race is 

 found. These animals are regarded as the type of the large races 

 bred on the central plains of Europe, but the uniformity of their 

 red coat, without marks, and the thick, short-limbed body, are 

 considered proof of its antiquity. Italian zoologists assert that 

 it is descended from the ancient hue Italico. In the Udine 

 province, and in parts of Parma and Piacenza, there is a breed 

 with a uniform coat of red or reddish-brown, amber-coloured 

 horns and hoofs, rose-tinted lip and nostrils, and white eyelids, 

 and they are regarded as the relic of an aboriginal race. 



" South of the Taro, and extending beyond Bologna, is the 

 Pugliese breed. In the province of Verona the Pugliese breed is 

 almost exclusively found. In the province of Belluno there is 

 the Bellunese breed, which is like the Tyrolese in having short 

 curved horns and a uniform colour, but while the shade of the 

 Tyrolese is tawny and whitish, the Bellunese is decidedly grey. 



" In the province of Treviso there is a medley of sub-races, all 



