WHITE CATTLE : AN INQUIRY INTO THEIR ORIGIN. ETC. 433 



variations of the Podolian ; and in the province of Vincenza the 

 PodoHan balances the other types. The PodoHan is the exclu- 

 sive race in the rest of Italy south of the Po. 



" Piedmont has a pure breed, called ' Pianura ' — the colour of 

 the Piedmontese and mixed breeds being light grey. The moun- 

 tain breed already referred to are brown, black, and white 

 spotted." 



APPENDIX II. 



Mr. Oswald Crawfurd, who is an authority on Spain, writing 

 in The London Review on bull-fights, says: — "It was once 

 the noblest sport in the world: it is now the most brutal, the 

 meanest, and the most sordid. It was once the sport of knights, 

 noblemen, and princes to chase the cattle of the great plains of 

 central Spain, lance in hand. No sport was finer, for the semi- 

 wild cattle of Spain came of that primogeneous stock which once 

 peopled Europe. They are a small breed, but enormously strong, 

 active, and swift. They gallop like a deer, leap dykes and hedges 

 like a hunter, and turn and double like rabbits. They are 

 exceedingly fierce when roused, and they are very easily roused, 

 and their shaiy forivard-bending horns are a terrible weapon of 

 offence. No stranger on foot dares to come near the herd on the 

 plains, and a mounted man needs a good horse, a safe seat, and 

 sharp spurs to get away from these savage beasts. To kill such 

 an animal from the saddle required all a knight's skill with the 

 spear, and all his courage. Ruy Diaz de Bivar, el Campeador, 

 the semi-mythical hero of mediaeval Spain, is reported to have 

 killed a bull with his own lance in the open plain, unaided by his 

 companions. The Emperor Charles the Fifth is chronicled to 

 have done the same, and the sport was continued in the same 

 heroic fashion by well-mounted knights and gentlemen till the 

 beginning of the eighteenth century." 



Mr. Sydney Gowing, another authority, writes to me as follows : — 

 " With regard to the Spanish bulls, I have never seen a white 

 one, either in the ring or on the plains, and do not think there 

 are any. The usual colours are black, chestnut, sandy, tawny, 

 bay, and so forth, occasionally piebald. By white, I mean pure 

 white. What are called ' pepper-and-salt' bulls are common." 



