HARD WICKE ' S S CIE NCE- G O SSI P. 



247 



■Rising, Southing, and Setting of the Principal Planets 

 at intervals of Seven Days in November. 



September, was 29-95 - n - at the beginning of the 

 week, and the highest was 50*12 in. on Wednesday 

 morning. The mean temperature of the air was 

 57'2 deg., and 0*4 deg. above the average. The 

 general direction of the wind was N.E. No rain 

 was measured during the week. The duration of 

 registered bright sunshine in the week was 32*6 hours, 

 against 49*0 hours at Glynde Place, Lewes. 



For the week ending 29th September, the highest 

 reading of the barometer was 30*09 in. on Wednesday 

 evening, and the lowest was 29*39 m - at; the end of 

 the week. The mean temperature of the air was 

 55*8 deg. and 0*2 deg. above the average. The 

 general direction of the wind was N. E. Rain fell on 

 four days of the week to the aggregate amount of 

 0*51 of an inch. The duration of registered bright 

 sunshine in the week was 12*7 hours, against 21*2 

 hours at Glynde Place, Lewes. 



For the week ending 6th October, the lowest 

 reading of the barometer was 29*09 in. on Tuesday 

 afternoon, and the highest 29*83 in. at the end of the 

 week. The mean temperature of the air was 42*7 

 deg., and no less than 11*3 deg. below the average. 

 The direction of the wind was variable. Rain fell on 

 two days of the week to the aggregate amount of o*i 1 

 of an inch. The duration of registered bright sun- 

 shine in the week was 33*0 hours, against 39*1 hours 

 at Glynde Place, Lewes. 



For the week ending 13th October, the highest 

 reading of the barometer was 30*04 in. on Monday 

 morning, and the lowest 29*70 in. on Saturday 

 morning. The mean temperature of the air was 45 

 deg., and 7*2 deg. below the average. The direction 



of the wind was variable. Rain fell on Friday to the 

 amount of o * 02 of an inch. The duration of registered 

 bright sunshine in the week was 24*6 hours, against 

 34*8 hours at Glynde Place, Lewes. 



The isotherms or lines of equal temperature for 

 November over the greater part of England are of the 

 form of the letter U. From considerations of space I 

 will give the names of only three places for each 

 isotherm, corresponding to the top, the bottom, and 

 the top again of each U. 



The isotherm of 41 ° then runs through Lanark, 

 trends down as far as the river Tyne, and then runs 

 up again to Haddington ; 42 , runs through Ayr 

 down to Nottingham, and up to Berwick ; 43 , runs 

 from Kircudbright down to London, and up to 

 Flamborough Head ; 44 , from the Isle of Man down 

 to Winchester, and up to Margate ; 45°, Carmarthen, 

 through Portsmouth and Beachy Head. The iso- 

 therms of 46 , 47 , and 48 run through the west of 

 South Wales, and across Cornwall. 



The average rainfall for November is two inches 

 for the greater part of England : along the south 

 coast for about twenty to thirty miles inland it is three 

 inches, on the west coast it is four inches, and in some 

 parts of North Wales and Cornwall it averages five 

 inches * the last figure represents nearly five hundred 

 and twenty tons of water to each acre. 



CLOUDS ON LAND AND SEA.* 



NO doubt cloud observations, with a view to 

 forecasting the weather, have been taken 

 since the earliest times, but of late years the method 

 of making the observations has been systematised. 

 Mr. Abercromby and Professor Hildebrandson, of 

 Upsala, have agreed upon a nomenclature for the 

 various kinds of clouds, and Mr. Abercromby now 

 comes forward to give us in this little book a de- 

 scription of the different kinds of cloud, and the 

 method of determining the direction in which a cloud 

 is moving. 



The system advocated by the author is that all 

 clouds may be sufficiently described by ten terms, 

 these terms denoting not only the name of the cloud, 

 but the height at which it is formed. Then these 

 various terms are given and fully described by the 

 aid of diagrams. Next he gives a chapter — the 

 direction in which cloud stripes lie — explaining the 

 perspective of clouds, and, to conclude, a most im- 

 portant chapter on the direction of cloud motion. 



As well as the diagrams, the book is illustrated by 

 ten exquisite photographs of the various types of 

 clouds taken by the author. 



Cloud observations will enable a practised observer 

 to forecast the weather with some accuracy without 



* " Instructions for Observing Clouds on Land and Sea," 

 with photographs and engravings, by the Hon. Ralph Aber- 

 cromby, F.R.M.S. E. Stanford, Charing Cross, London, S.W. 



