WOMAN'S PLACE IN NATURE. 295 



follow from the more eager males leaving a larger number of offspring 

 than the less eager." 



I have quoted thus at length upon this point, in accordance with 

 the principle already laid down, that the lower is a type of the higher. 



Following Darwin's argument " the greater eagerness of the male 

 has thus indirectly led to the more frequent development of secondary 

 sexual characters in the male than in the female" secondary sexual 

 characters being those not directly concerned in reproduction. Among 

 these are the greater size, strength, courage, and pugnacity of the 

 male, which most naturalists admit to have been acquired or modified 

 by sexual selection not depending on any superiority in the general 

 struggle for life, but on certain individuals of one sex, generally the 

 male, having been successful in conquering other males, and thus hav- 

 ing left a larger number of offspring to inherit their superiority. 



In the human species, the differences between the sexes are marked. 

 The greater size and strength of man are apparent. His broader shoul- 

 ders, more powerful muscles, greater physical courage and pugnacity, 

 may be plainly claimed, by Darwin and his adherents, as man's in- 

 heritance from a long line of ancestry, of which the vanishing-point is 

 in the remote past, among the lowest forms of life. 



Whether or not this relationship be accepted, the same principles 

 which have prevailed among lower animals must have been operative 

 in the progress and development of the human race. 



During the long ages when man was in a condition of barbarism, it 

 must have been the strongest and boldest hunters and warriors who 

 would succeed best in the struggle for existence, thus improving the 

 race through the opei"ation of natural selection, and the survival of the 

 fittest ; while the stronger passions accompanying these traits would 

 lead to their success in securing the wives of their choice. 



They would necessarily, by means of the same advantages, leave a 

 more numerous progeny than their less successful rivals. It is here 

 that the laws of sexual selection and heredity come in to maintain and 

 increase the differences between the sexes. Who can doubt that a dif- 

 ference in mental characteristics would result from such causes ? The 

 greater necessity for exertion on the part of men would inevitably re- 

 sult in the development of more robust intellects. " Mere bodily size 

 and strength would do little for victory unless associated with courage, 

 perseverance, and determined energy. 



"To avoid enemies or to attack them successfully, to capture wild 

 animals, and to invent and fashion weapons, require the aid of the 

 higher mental faculties, namely : observation, reason, invention, or im- 

 agination. These various faculties will thus have been continually put 

 to the test and selected during manhood ; they will, moreover, have 

 been strengthened by use during this same period of life. 



" Consequently, in accordance with the principle often alluded to, 

 we might expect that they would at least tend to be transmitted chiefly 



