The Scottish Naturalist. 169 



flower-buds in each cluster become greatly swollen and 

 fleshy, oval, deep red externally on the sides exposed to 

 light, and either do not reach the stage of flowering, or 

 produce only much distorted flowers. All the organs of 

 the flower become thick and fleshy, and shelter between 

 them several larvae. The galls were not rare on a clum.p of 

 L. major at Murcar, in the neighbourhood of Aberdeen, in 

 August. 



ViciA CRACCA L. — {b) Galls of Apio7i Gyllenhallii, Schk. These 

 gafls are swellings of the stem just above a node, or of the 

 base of a branch, or of a petiole or of a peduncle ; they 

 involve the whole circumference of the part affected which 

 becomes about twice as thick as in the normal state, the 

 gall usually being about j{x}i inch. The surface is like 

 that of the part on which it is borne, and usually shows 

 prominent longitudinal ridges. The walls are thin, enclose- 

 ing a rather large cavity tenanted by one larva. The 

 galls occurred not uncommonly in various localities near 

 Aberdeen during July and August, and at Cluny on 

 Donside in August. The beetles emerged a few days after 

 the galls were gathered. To Dr. Sharp I am indebted for 

 their name. 



Pyrus Aria L. — Galls of Fhy tortus on the leaves. They are 

 very similar to those on Fyrus Aiiaiparia (Sc. Nat. II, 79), 

 being blister-like spots projecting considerably from the 

 lower surface, but either level with the upper epidermis or 

 somewhat depressed above where a yellow spot appears, 

 becoming browai from the centre outw^ards ; the low^r surface 

 bears atomentum, and resembles the rest of the leaf. Each 

 gall is Yio to Y5 inch in diameter, but very often two or more 

 coalesce more or less perfectly. On section they are found 

 to consist of a loose tissue of elongated cells, among which 

 live scattered mites {Phytoptiis, .0064 X. 0002 inch). 

 Sometimes hundreds of galls occur on a leaf. Common on 

 a small tree at Rubislaw Quarries near Aberdeen, in 

 August. 



Galium saxatile L. — (c) Galls of Cecidomyia (Galii Winn. V) 

 They are swollen flowerbuds which resemble {b) in appear, 

 ance, reaching a size of about Y12 inch in diameter, 

 without being much altered in appearance otherwise. 

 They seldom open, and on section are found to contain 



