246 



THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



ent in each specimen, but Fig. 11 shows a typical example, the 

 heavier line giving the outline of the bore. This tube is eight 

 inches and a half long, nearly an inch and a half in diameter at 

 the largest part, and about an inch at the smallest. The material 

 and this is the same in all is a drab talcose slate. The figure 

 is one third full size. Other tubes have been previously figured 

 and described by the writer in the Portland volume of Proceed- 

 ings of the American Association for the Advancement of Sci- 

 ence. The tubes are all very carefully shaped and well finished. 

 The bore was probably first drilled with a reed and sand, and 

 then at the large end worked out by means of some pointed tool, 

 for circular striae are plainly seen at the small end, while at the 

 other only longitudinal marks occur. Whatever may have been 

 the design of other tubes, it seems by far most probable that those 

 found here were used as pipes, for they are in all essential re- 

 spects like those mentioned above, now and anciently in use on 

 the Pacific coast, as may be seen by reference to the seventh vol- 



'"' l^--' ' - ' " - 





r. 



K- v^/v--: 



M 



f. ^ '.\ - '..'- _-. :i f^' ..^<-v,', "'.-55 





Fig. 13. 



ume of the Wheeler Survey, Plates 7 and 8, and also to Volume 

 III of the Contributions to North American Ethnology. 



In Fig. 13 there is shown a pipe which may be considered as 

 representing the transition from stone to modern forms ; for, al- 

 though it was dug in a locality that has yielded more of our stone 

 pipes than any other, it is made of pewter. It does not appear 

 as if cast in a mold, but rather as if worked out of a solid block 

 in the same manner that a stone pipe would be made. The sur- 

 face is covered with tool-marks, and the bowl bears inside both 

 vertical and circular striae. Of course, the material of which this 

 specimen is made arouses suspicion that it was the work of a 

 white man ; but its appearance, as well as the circumstances in 

 which it was found, all indicate that it is of Indian origin. The 

 material was of course obtained from Europeans. 



A people who had attained to such skill in working clay into 

 jars as had the aborigines of the Champlain Valley would un- 

 doubtedly make many of their common pipes of this material. 



