FOSSIL MAN. 



621 



matal and other reasons, no longer inhabitants of the countries 

 where fossil man has been found ; hence, as related to those coun- 

 tries, they are all extinct. 



It will be noticed that, of these animals as we now know them, 

 the lion, tiger, hyena, and hippopotamus are tropical, or indige- 

 nous to warm climates. The reindeer and musk ox are arctic, 

 and no doubt the extinct mammoth and woolly rhinoceros were 

 arctic also. During glacial times these arctic and tropical ani- 

 mals appear to have occupied the same territory contemporane- 

 ously. This fact seems more particularly conspicuous with the 

 lion, tiger, hyena, hippopotamus, mammoth, and woolly rhinoce- 

 ros; the reindeer and musk ox appearing, at least abundantly, 

 somewhat later. This fact has given rise to considerable differ- 

 ence of opinion. It has been argued that the tropical forms are 



Fig. 4. Oi^tline Drawings of the Symphyses. (From Fraipont and Lohest.) 



post-glacial, and that subsequent to the Glacial period the glaci- 

 ated area passed through a period of tropical conditions. 



This argument seems clearly untenable from any point of 

 view, as there is no evidence of a tropical climate intervening be- 

 tween the Glacial epoch and the present temperate climate. All 

 the evidence shows a gradual amelioration of climate until the 

 present conditions are reached. Again, as the mammoth and 

 woolly rhinoceros, supposed to be arctic forms, appear associated 

 with the tropical forms in the same deposit, side by side, they 

 would have to be considered tropical. For this there is reason, 

 as their present representatives, the elephant and rhinoceros, are 

 tropical. 



But the facts are these : the reindeer and musk ox, known 

 arctic forms, appear later than the supposed tropical forms. In 

 all excavations through glacial material the tropical forms with 

 mammoth and woolly rhinoceros appear in the lower levels, 

 never superficially ; where several fossil beds are gone through, 

 the upper or superficial beds contain the reindeer more abun- 



