FOSSIL MAN. 



627 



Neanderthal, the dotted line Spy man No. 1, and the broken line 

 Spy man No. 2, show how closely they coincide, especially in the 

 case of Spy man No. 1, which is scarcely distinguishable from the 

 Neanderthal. The skull of Spy man No. 2, while retaining the 

 general characteristics of the Neanderthal, is more arched and 

 higher in the frontal region. The cephalic index of Spy No. 1 is 

 seventy ; that of Spy No. 2, seventy-four to seventy- six. 



The immensely developed brow ridges (superciliary crests) are 

 not known in any existing race, nor is the rapidly retreating fore- 

 head, except in rare and isolated cases. Both are well-known 

 characters in the SimiidcE. The characters exhibited by the lower 

 jaw are remarkable, and are presented by no existing human race. 

 The angle formed by the anterior face of the mandibular sym- 

 physis with the inferior border of the horizontal ramus (that is, 

 the angle between the chin and the lower jaw) is an obtuse angle, 

 while in all existing races it is an acute angle. There is no chin 

 prominence in the Spy men. 



The posterior face of the mandibular symphysis (that is, 

 separating the lower jaw at the chin and exposing the separated 

 faces) presents characters approaching an outline intermediate 

 between the anthropoid apes and existing man, as illustrated on 

 the screen by outline drawings of the symj)hyses of the chimpan- 

 zee. Spy No. 1, Spy No. 2, 

 and modern man. By 

 comparing the corre- 

 sponding parts as repre- 

 sented by the letters this 

 will be evident. Thus 

 the concavity P exists in 

 the chimpanzee and Spy 

 No. 1 and No. 2, but is 

 scarcely discernible in ex- 

 isting man ; the promi- 

 nence G exists in the 

 chimpanzee. Spy No. 1 

 and No. 2, and is scarce- 

 ly discernible in existing 

 man. The concavity T 

 has the same relation ; 



the prominence B, for the insertion of the genioglossal muscles, 

 exists in all ; and from this point the outline slopes rapidly for- 

 ward in existing man and Spy No. 1 and No. 2, while less so and 

 to a less defined termination in the chimpanzee. The upper part 

 of the outline, except that it is more vertical, corresponds more 

 nearly with the chimpanzee, while the lower part corresponds 

 more nearly with existing man. 



Fig. 



. Skull or the Old Man or Cro-Magnon, 

 Eyzies. (Reindeer epoch. ) 



