1896.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 171 



part will receive the name of radix and the last part the name of 

 salient. The degrees of angulation of both radix and salient being 

 measured on a protractor we have in a given ease the following for- 

 mulae: n. f. 4 mm,; n. mx. 10 mm.; n. pr. 2 mm.; r. 7 mm., 90°; 

 s. 10 mm., 40°. 



The next region in order is the vestibule of the nasal chamber, 

 which is accepted as the nasal aspect of the premaxilla as seen at 

 the floor of the nose. When the parts of this region are as in 

 the child, it is called pcedomorphic, but when the psedomorphic 

 features have not been retained the departures from this type are 

 defined as follows : The height and elevation of the vestibule just in 

 advance of the incisive foramina receives the name of incisive emi- 

 nence; the degree of definition of the line extending from the sides 

 of the anterior nasal aperture to the anterior spine receives the name 

 of the alveolar line, since it defines the alveolus proximally; the 

 alveolus measured from the alveolar line to the alveolar point of 

 Broca (a.=15 mm.). The nasal vestibule may be in addition 

 macrolophic, microlophic or analophic, depending upon the degree 

 of development of the incisor crest. This is held to be a better clas- 

 sification of the parts than that present^ by writers. The most 

 primitive type is the analophic ; the most frequent in modern culti- 

 vated races is the macrolophic. The North American Indian tends 

 to be microlophic and passes from this infrequently to the analophic. 

 He is rarely macrolophic. 



Turning to the norma basilaris and describing from before back- 

 ward, the hard palate is described in the terms of Broca hyperbolic, 

 parabolic, or U-shaped. The choanre are either psedomorj^hic or 

 broader at base than at apex ; the diameter is to be taken (ch. 

 psedom. diam. 22 mm.). The pyramidal process of the palatal bone 

 measures in length in a given case 12 mm. (pyr. pr.=12 mm.). 



The spinous process of the sphenoid bone, whether it separates 

 from or unites with the tympanic bone, is to be noted ; if united with 

 this, whether the line of union is posterior to that of the Gasserian 

 fissure. In a given case (sp. pr. not in contact with tym.). 



The foramen lacerum medium whether open or closed is to be ob- 

 served. In a given case (f. 1. m. open). The petrosal part of the 

 tympanic bone whether narrowed or broad, by being inflated on the 

 median aspect. In a given case (p. inflated). 



Passing now to the norma lateralis, it is noted that the temporal 

 ridge is found interrupted at the stephanion ; in a given case 



