1896.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 173 



stops at a distance proximal to it ; the area between those two lines 

 constitutes the lemurme process. In a given instance (Im. pr.=3 

 mm. wide). The genial spine may be single or double. The genial 

 crest trenchant, rudi mental, or absent. In a given case (g. s. double : 

 g. c. nil.). 



In reviewing the characters which have been thus employed the 

 glabella and supra-orbital ridge (g. and s. o. r.) almost universally 

 constitute male characters of low grade. We expect in primitive 

 man, this character to be better developed than in more recent man 

 and be more apt to enter into composition of the supra-orbital margin 

 (s. 0. m.). No doubt is felt in accepting these important features in 

 the descriptions of skulls. The degree of declination of s. o. r. is of 

 importance in distinguishing long, slender from broad, flat faces; 

 indeed, it stands as a sign of character of face. Analysis of the nasal 

 region needs no defence since craniologists are of one mind, that on 

 the whole the best characters separating crania are to be found in 

 this region ; hence, the care taken to define the relations of the naso- 

 frontal, the maxillary and the premaxillary portions. For the terms 

 radix and salient I am alone responsible. The value of the vestibule 

 would appear also to admit of no argument. The distinction be- 

 tween ptedomorphic and other forms in the writer's judgment is the 

 best means of separating the types of the anterior nasal apertures 

 from one another. 



The value of the alveolus and the shape of the hard palate as 

 defined by Broca needs no comment at this place. The length of 

 the pyramidal process has been neglected by writers. I find it of 

 value in the comparative anatomy of race. The shape of the choanse 

 having been defined I recognize two types, one of which is psedomor- 

 phic and is oval and the other in which the base is wider than the 

 apex. The group last named may be subdivided by the rectangular 

 form in which the basal and the lateral contour unite to form a right 

 angle; and the produced in which the basal contour is extended 

 downward and outward beyond the line of the lateral contour. The 

 study of the choanse is of importance ; the limitations have not been 

 satisfactorily determined. The degrees of development of the spin- 

 ous process of the sphenoid bone have likewise been neglected. It 

 overlaps the line of the Gasseriau and the sphenoido-tympanic fis- 

 sures forward to a remarkable extent and, for the mosl part sex 

 can be distinguished, the process being large and prominent in 

 males, and rudimental or absent in females. 



