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PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 



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spring from the aorta. In the example dissected 

 by Dr. Chapman, there was an innominate 

 artery, which gave off the left subclavian, sub L., 

 the right subclavian, sub B., the right vertebral, 

 V, and the common trunk of the carotids, G ; the 

 left vertebral, V, springing alone from the aorta ; 

 whereas in Prof. Owen's example, according to 

 the description, the left subclavian, as well as 

 the left vertebral, came off separately from the 

 aorta, while the right vertebral came from right 

 subclavian. It is possible that in the former 

 the disposition of the bloodvessels was an ano- 

 malous one. He would also mention that there 

 was an entire absence of a gall-bladder, whicli 

 was noticed twice out of three times in the cases 

 studied by Prof. Owen. For the reason above 

 given, he did not refer to the brain, alimentary 

 canal, etc. ; to those who may be interested, he 

 would simply state that these organs may be 

 seen in the museum of the University of Pennsylvania. 



Post-mortem Examination of an Elephant. Dr. Chapman re- 

 marked that, while the organization of the elephant is pretty well 

 known to naturalists, as the opportunity of dissecting it does not 

 often present itself, he would call the attention of the members 

 to a few points noted in his post-mortem of the Empress, which 

 recentljr died at the Zoological Garden. On account of the heat 

 of the weather, the examination was necessarily a limited one. 

 For some months before death the animal had been gradually fail- 

 ing, having reached an extreme old age. Numerous abscesses in 

 the skin (rendering it useless for stuffing) had been a continuous 

 source of irritation ; while the trouble exhibited by the generative 

 organs was seen to result from fibro-osteoid tumors, whicli in- 

 volved the uterus, ovaries, broad ligaments, etc. These tumors, 

 of which there were as many as 25, varied very much in size, the 

 smallest having the diameter of an orange, while the largest would 

 not go into a horse bucket. The remaining organs were healthy 

 the heart was enormous the aorta and pulmonary arteries looking 

 like hose plugs. As regards the stomach, the cardiac portion was 

 much developed, and the peculiar transverse ridges were observed. 

 The greater curvature of the stomach measured 65 in. ; the cir- 

 cumference in its greatest part 54 in. At the entrance of the 

 oesophagus into stomach, in the specimen now preserved in the 

 museum of the University of Pennsylvania, may be seen a valve 

 extending halfway across the aperture. The circumference of the 

 small intestine was 14 in., while that of the large measured 41 in. 

 The colon was thrown into deep folds. The .liver was bilobed 

 but there was no gall-bladder. The kidneys exhibited the lobu- 



