224. 



HARDWICKE'S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. 



larger, 3 to 5 m long, as much as ij m broad, with 

 two flagella at one end.* 



In various infusions, without especial fermentation. 



26. B. lilorciim, Warming. 



Cells ellipsoidal or elongated, gradually rounded 

 off at the ends j length 2-6 m, breadth r2-2-4 m J 



Cells fusiform, with very acute ends, 2-5 fi long, 

 •5-*8 IX thick, in a spongy layer on the surface of 

 the water. 



In sea-water. 



28. B. Navicnhi, Reinke anJ Berthold. 



i 

 '='} 



(t 



Fig. 151. — a. Bac- 

 terium Lineola 

 (after Cohn). 





c 



rD 





Fig. 151. — b Bac- 

 terium Jusi- 

 /ortne (after 

 Warming). 



Fig- 1S3-— ^;^<^- 

 teriuin Itto- 

 reuin (after 

 Warming). 



Fig. 154 (X 650)' 



-1"':: /; 'W/^^/ 







Fig. 156 (X 4000) 



r:^ 



Fig. 155. — Bacterium 

 temto; b is the zoo- 

 glcea form (X 650). 

 [a and b, after Cohn ; c, after Dallinger.) 



I G 





^ 

 ^ 





Fig. i$T— Bacterium Lineola, b, the zoogloea form (a and b, 

 after Cohn, X 650; c, after Dallinger, X 3000). 



colourless, motile or stationary, but never united in 

 chains or Zooglcere, nor in large heaps. 

 Only in sea-water. 



27. B. fusiformc, Warming. 



* The text says " mit zwei Geisein an einem Ende " ; but sec 

 the figures.— Tr. 





Fig. 158 — a, Bacillus Anthracis, from the blood of a cow that 

 had died of splenic fever, examined after death ; b. Bacillus 

 ruber (after Cohn) X 600. 



Fig. 159. — Development of B. Anthracis from a spore, and 

 formation of spores in the threads (after Ewart). 



Fig. 160.— a, Bacillus S7ibtilis ; b. Bacillus tremulus, with 

 spores; c, Bacillus Anthracis, ■aniicA in threads, form- 

 ing spores (all after photographs by Koch) X 500. 



Cells fusiform or elliptic, narrowed towards both 

 ends, pretty large, partly motile, partly stationary, 

 with one or more dark spots in the interior, which 

 are coloured blue by iodine. 



In rotting potatoes. ' 



B.— Pigment-forming Species. 



29. B. synxanthum (Ehbg.), Schroter. 

 Vibrio synxanthtis, Ehbg. 

 V. xanthogcnus, Fuchs. 

 Morphologically not different from B. Tcrmo ; 

 •7-1 yi long, moving actively, single or united in 

 chains up to five in number. 



Causing the so-called " yellow -milk." 



Milk, which has been boiled, and some time afterwards 

 coagulated, often suddenly assumes a lemon-yellow colour, 

 while the caseine by degrees nearly disappears. The milk, 

 originally neutral, becomes first acid, and then intensely alkaline. 

 The filtered lemon-yellow fluid becomes amber-coloured on 

 evaporation ; the resulting yellow-brown crust is not soluble in 

 alcohol or ether, but completely so in water. Alkalies do not 

 aft'cct the colour, which is instantly changed by acids. \ 



