HARDWICKE'S S CIEJSl CE-GO SSI P. 



269 



of narrower vascular cells in the outer part. The 

 axial vascular bundle sends out ramifications into the 

 branches and leaves. 



In fig. 190, transverse sections of stem of Sela- 

 ginella, two fibro-vascular bundles are noticed, one 

 near each end. No. I is the thick epidermis ; 2, a 

 ring of dark-looking cells of the sclerenchyma, 

 encircling the stem beneath the epidermis, but quite 

 distinct from the fundamental or ground tissue ; 3, 

 bundle sheath ; 4, phloem ; 5, xylem ; these latter are 

 readily recognised ; 6 is soft parenchymatous tissue. 



2 3 4 ?> 9. \ 



Fig. 191.— Longitudinal section of stem of Selaginella. 



Fig. 192. — Longitudinal section 

 of stem of Selaginella. 



Fig. 193. — Ligule of 

 Selaginella. 



Now cut a longitudinal section across the stem 

 without touching the bundles, as fig. 192. No. i is 

 sclerenchyma, and 2 soft parenchymatous cells, 

 those in the centre filled with starch. Now observe 

 another longitudinal section intersecting one of the 

 fibro-vascular bundles (fig. 191, longitudinal section 

 of Selaginella stem). We note l, sclerenchyma ; 2 2, 

 ground tissue containing starch ; 3 3, phloem, or 

 bast ; 4, xylem of scalariform vessels ; the ladder-like 

 appearance easily points out the xylem layer. 

 Upon separating the leaves on the lower part of 



the stem, the peculiar ligule (fig. 193, ligule of 

 Selaginella) will be detected. The part marked 3 is 

 the ligule, which distinguishes the Selaginella from 

 the Lycopods. No. I represents the stem, and 2 the 

 leaf, at whose base the ligule is seen to take its rise. 

 It is composed of parenchymatous tissue. 



J. F. R. 



THE QUAKERS OF TOKIO.* 



WITH shivers and shakes and jelly-like quakes, 

 The earth it is moved in Japan ; 

 At least they say so in old Tokio, 



Where the trembles they've tried to trepan 



— in Japan. 



John Mylne set the snare with the utmost of care. 



That he miglit discover the plan 

 Of the micro landshakes and bigger earthquakes 



Intercepting the quivers that ran 



— in Japan. 



Though rigid as steel, earth's tremors we feel, 



Not hitherto noticed by man ; 

 For age brings her ague, with which she will plague 

 you 

 In England as well as Japan 



— in a span. 



These shuddering breaks affect the still lakes. 

 And the waters that into them ran ; 



Such pulsating throes we must now diagnose ['_ 



With instruments brought from Japan 



— that's the plan. 



Those who live by railways must try, if you plase. 



That is, do the best that they can. 

 Give up their inaction to study the traction 



And trembles that jolting old wagons began 



— as they ran. 



Science ne'er swerves from her ways, but I've nerves 



That disturbed even are by a fan. 

 Why dwell 'midst alarms and horrible calms 



As the natives now do in Japan ? 



— old man? 



No, Mylne, I will seize my moments of ease 



To prove it a truth, if I can ; 

 By figures profound, this is solid ground, 



Though trembles be part of the plan 



— of Japan. 



A. Conifer. 



• See Professor John Mylne's letter to the " Times," Oct. ii, 

 on ' Earth Movements.' Reprinted in " Geo. Mag." for Nov., 

 with editorial remarks. . 



