HARDWICKE'S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. 



229 



suffer bim to rest satisfied with a casual glance at 

 the multitudiual phenomena arouud him. He is 

 not content merely to wonder and admire, but, urged 

 onwards, he attempts to trace back effects to their 

 causes ; he investigates and combines, and, still pro- 

 ceeding on his course, endeavours to obtain a glimpse 

 (liowever imperfect it may be) of the mighty plan of 

 the Creator, a knowledge of the grand scheme by 

 which the whole is blended into unity : the result 

 is an accumulated mass of riches. 



J. 0. Haepek. 



Many such preparations appear, at first sight, 

 extremely complex, and are far less interesting than 

 they would otherwise be on account of their being 

 but little understood. 



They are, however, exceedingly instructive, and 

 exemplify some of the most important laws in 

 organic nature; and are, moreover, especially 

 interesting to the systematic naturalist who devotes 

 himself more exclusively to the study of insects. 



However remarkable the modifications exhibited 

 in the mouths of different insects, their parts may 



Fig. 142. a. The Maxilla and Lcibrum of a Carpenter-bee {Xylophagus), seenfrom beneath ; m.t', great lobe of the maxilla; 

 mx\, small inner lobe: n.^», basal lobe ; ?/ijP, maxillary palpus; c<ir, cardines or hinge; lo, lora or bridle; lb, 

 labium ; Ibp. labial palpus ; pu, paraglossa; /, ligula; h, tip of the tongue of the came; c, maxilla of a Rose- 

 leaf-cutter ; U, section of the blade of the same; e, rose-leaf cut by Leaf-cutter Bee. 



ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE MOUTHS 

 OF INSECTS. 



A LARGE number of the most interesting 

 -^^ specimens in tl:e microscopisl.'s cabinet are 

 derived from the insect world, and a great propor- 

 tion of these consists of the mouths and parts of the 

 mouths of various kinds of insects. 



always be referred, usually with the greatest cer- 

 tainty, to a type form, which is well exemplified in 

 the mouth of a beetle. The remarkably complex 

 suctorial organs of a bee or fly are merely modifica- 

 tions of this type, in which certain organs are very 

 highly developed, whilst others are absent. There 

 is no structure, even in the most complex mouth, 

 which is not represented in the type. 



