CLASS PISCES. 437 



Clupea pilchardus, Bl. 406 ; and better, Willugh. pi. 

 i. f. 1. (the pilchard) ; pretty nearly the size of the 

 herring, but has larger scales ; the suboperculum is 

 truncated ; there are striae on the rays to the preoper- 

 culum, and particularly to the operculum ; the head 

 is shorter in proportion than the herring's, and its 

 dorsal more advanced, so that the distance from the 

 muzzle to the dorsal does not equal the caudal. The 

 ventrals originate under the end of the dorsal. The 

 anal has eighteen rays ; two longer scales extend 

 upon each side. Its fishery takes place earlier than 

 that of the herring, and particularly so on the western 

 coast of England. 



Clupea Sardina, C., Duham, Sect. III. pi. xvi. f. 4. 

 (the Sardine) ; is so similar to the pilchard, that no 

 difference can be found, except in its smaller size. 

 It is a fish celebrated for the extreme delicacy of its 

 flavour, and that yields an abundant harvest to the 

 fishermen of Brittany. Quantities of it are also 

 taken in the Mediterranean, where the herring is not 

 known \ 



Duham. Sect. III. pi. xxxi. f. 3. (C. clupeola, C.) ; the Sardine de 

 la Martinique, (C. humeralis, C.) Duham, ib. f. 4 ; C. melanura, C, 

 Lacep. V. xi. 3. under the name of Clwpanodon Jussieu, but the 

 description relates to the figure xi. 3. named a variety of the Clu- 

 panodon chinois ; CI. coval, C, Russ. 186. &c. 



1 We may also separate from the herrings properly so called, the 

 Jangartoo, Russel, 191; or Clupea melasloma, Schn. ; and his 

 Ditchcee, 192. which has the dorsal farther back than the ventrals, 

 and a long anal. 



