164 DOCTRINE OF EVOLUTION 



that the human method of balancing the body by 

 vigorously swinging the arms might seem quite as awk- 

 ward to a gibbon as its grotesque posture does to us. 



The orang-outang comes next in this series. It 

 inhabits the islands of Borneo and Sumatra, where we 

 find two distinct species. It is a reddish colored animal 

 standing about four feet four inches high, with rather 

 long hair. It is bulky, slow and deliberate in action, 

 and when it walks in a semi-erect position it rests its 

 knuckles upon the ground, swinging its long arms as 

 crutch-like supports. Like the gibbon, it does not 

 walk upon all four feet in the way that the monkeys and 

 baboons do, and we find in the still further development 

 of the brain and the higher arch of the cranium the 

 reasons for its semi-erectness. It cannot remain with 

 its hands and feet upon the ground and bend back its 

 head so as to direct its vision forward. 



The chimpanzee of intertropical Africa brings us to 

 a still less monkey-hke and more manlike stage. This 

 creature attains the height of five feet, which is more 

 than that of some of the lower races of man. It possesses 

 large ears and heavy overarching brows ; its thumb 

 and great toe are more like those of man, though its 

 foot is still practically a hand. Its lower limb curves 

 like those of the other apes, and its soles are turned to- 

 ward one another ; in brief, it is naturally bow-legged, 

 a character that adapts it for a tree-climbing life. 

 This animal also is nearly, though not quite, erect. 

 It shows a most marked advance in the matter of the 

 brain, for the cerebrum is richly folded or convoluted, 

 and with this higher degree of physical complexity is 

 correlated its superior intelligence ; it is well known 



