176 DOCTRINE OF EVOLUTION 



facts of structure, development, fossil history, and 

 evolutionary method. Our own species is not unique ; 

 it takes its high place among other organic forms 

 whose lives are controlled in every way by the uniform 

 consistent laws of the world. 



The physical evolution of human races is the next 

 major division of the large subject before us. Hereto- 

 fore the obvious differences displayed by various races 

 have been disregarded and the species has been treated 

 as a unit, in order that its evolution from pre-human 

 ancestors might be made clear. Knowing now how the 

 facts of structure show that the supreme position of 

 our kind has been attained mainly as the result of the 

 progressive elaboration of the higher portions of the 

 brain, and not because new and unique structures have 

 been developed, we are prepared to turn our attention 

 to the diverse characteristics of human races ; and during 

 this inquiry anatomical matters will still be the only 

 ones to be reviewed. The intellectual and social char- 

 acters of numerous races belong to the category of physi- 

 ological or functional phenomena, which are to receive 

 due consideration at a later time. It is the meaning 

 of the facts of racial diversity for which we are now 

 to look. 



For many reasons this subject is more difficult to 

 describe in a concise outline than those taken up before. 

 It is true that every one is familiar with different types 

 of human beings, such as the Negro and Japanese and 

 Chinese, while furthermore the obvious differences 

 between such races as the Norwegian and Italian are 



