228 DOCTRINE OF EVOLUTION 



that a floating log supported his weight as he rested 

 from his efforts. By the strokes of his arms or of a 

 club in his hand, he could propel this log in a desired 

 direction ; thus the dugout canoe arose, to be steadied 

 by the outrigger as the savage enlarged his experience. 

 A cloth held aloft aided his progress down or across 

 the wind, and it became an integral element of the 

 sailing craft, which evolved through the stages of the 

 galley and caravel to the schooner and frigate of 

 modern times. When the steam-engine was invented 

 and incorporated in the boat, a new line of evolution 

 was initiated, leading from the '' Clermont '^ to the 

 " Lusitania " and the battleship. 



The history of clothing begins with the employment 

 of an animal's hide or a branch of leaves to protect the 

 body from the sun's heat or the cold winds. Other 

 early beginnings of the more elaborate decorative 

 clothing are discerned by anthropologists in the scars 

 made upon the arms and breast as in the case of the 

 Australian black man, and in the figured patterns of 

 tattooing, so remarkably developed by the natives in 

 the islands of the South Pacific Ocean. A visit to a 

 gallery of ancient and medieval paintings clearly shows 

 that the conventional modes of clothing the human 

 body have changed from century to century, while 

 it is equally plain that they alter even from year to 

 year of the present time, according to the vagaries of 

 fashion. 



A brief review of the ''arts of pleasure,'^ including ^ 

 music and sculpture and painting, demonstrates their 



