NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 79 



to origin of anal 3 in. 3 lin. ; origin of anal to middle base of caudal 2 in. 

 Total length 10 in. 5 lin. 



Above iron brown; numerous closely arranged spots and vertical bars on 

 the lower part of the sides, largest anteriorly, forming a serrate outline to the 

 narrow pale hue of the abdomen. Operculum obliquely barred. A few spots 

 on mandibles below, and a vertical black bar from eye ; fins spotless. 



No. 64 ; Waterford, Oakland Co. Several specimens. 



The outline, colors and radial formula distinguish this small species from 

 its ally the umbrosusof Prof. Kirtland. 



The following table represents some of the relations of the species of this 

 genus, as far as deducible from our specimens and the very imperfect descrip- 

 tions such as authors too frequently inflict upon science. 



I. Operculum and cheek entirely scaled. 

 Branchiostegal R. 11 to 13. 



Dorstl outline arched ; pectorals much nearer ventrals than end 

 of premaxillary. D. 16. V. 9. A. 14. Depth five times to base 

 of tail. Head 3J times in total length. End of upper jaw to 

 orbit much less than from orbit to opercular border. Frontal 

 groove shallow cypho. 



Dorsal outline straigbter ; pectorals nearer (Dekay) end of muzzle 

 than to ventrals. D. 14 15. V. 9. End of upper jaw to orbit 

 less than from orbit to opercular border. A deep frontal 

 groove. Vomerine teeth in a shorter series than the palatines, fasciatus. 



Dorsal outline straighter. D. 13. V. 12. A. 12. Head four times 



in length. (Kirtld.) umbro&us. 



"Similar to fasciatus, but D. 12, and the vomerine series 



longer than palatine," (Holbr.) ravenelii. 



Br. R. 1416. 



Dorsal outline straight ; pectoral fin nearer ventral than end of 

 muzzle. D. 18. A. 17. Depth six times to base of caudal. 

 End of muzzle to orbit equal from orbit to opercular border or 

 beyond reticulatus. 



D. 22. A. 21. Probably, not certainly, in this section deprandus. 



E. cr as s us* Ag. enters this section. Of it little else peculiar 

 is mentioned than that the buccal scales are larger than the oper- 

 cular, and equal to those on the body, and the front deeply grooved. 

 E. affims has not been definitely separated from reticulatus. 



II, Cheek entirely, operculum half, scaled. 



Dorsal outline horizontal ; pectoral nearer end of muzzle than to 

 ventral. B. 14 15. D. 19. End of muzzle to orbit equal from 

 orbit to border of operculum. Frontal groove deep lucius. 



III. Cheek and operculum half scaled. 



B. 19. D. 19. No frontal groove nobilior. 



Esox ? With the form and proportions of reticulatus and the branchios- 

 tegal and fin radial formula of f a s c i a t u s ; not far from the E. affinis (?) of 

 Holbrook, Ichth. S. Caiolina. Grosse Isle, Prof. Fox. 



Esox lucius L. Richardson. 



I find no external specific difference between this fish and the estor of Leseur, 

 Perhaps the large inner palatine teeth are a little longer, and in more nume- 

 rous rows. The position of the ventral fin, with reference to the anal, caudal 

 and pectoral, varies much in both Kuropean and American specimens. Agap- 

 siz' description of his E. borcus applies very well to speeimeus of the so-called 

 estor ; in some of these the vomerine row of teeth is longer, as in tjpe of boreus, 



* Am. Journ. Sci. Arte (2) xvi. p. 308. 



1865.] 



