106 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 



Mouth small and terminal. Supramaxillars and ends of maxillars entirely 

 exposed, and invested in very thick attached lips. Lower jaw also with very 

 thick lateral lips separated by a wide isthmus. 



Teeth villiforrn in each jaw, with a somewhat larger external row. 



Anterior dorsal behind lower than the second, generally with twelve spines. 

 the third, fourth and fifth of which are longest. Anal fin with three spines, 

 the second of which is very large and compressed. Caudal deeply notched. 

 Pectoral fins acuminate. 



Branchiostegal membrane thick and with the einargination below, not ex- 

 tending much before the angle of the preoperculum ; six branchiostegal rays. 



The lower pharyngeals when united present above a U-shaped outline, with 

 the limbs slowly diverging. Behind and between the posterior processes is a 

 transverse emargination of a semi-elliptical form. Beneath, there is a V-shaped 

 ridge, whose limbs terminate in the compressed posterior processes of the 

 bones. The bones are thickest at and behind the posterior third, where the 

 limbs of the V-shaped ridge are also swollen. The bones are in close contact 

 to each other. 



The upper pharyngeals are triple on each side ; the median is triangular, 

 with its angles rounded. 



The teeth of the lower pharyngeals have mostly hemispherical summits. The 

 lateral marginal ones are cylindro-conical, and those at the bases of the pos- 

 terior processes are elongate-conic. 



The teeth of the median upper pharyngeals are also mostly molar, those of 

 the lateral margins and those of the anterior and posterior bones are cylin- 

 dro-conic. 



The setae of the cerato-branchials of the first pair of branchial arches are 

 short, compressed, tapering and almost smooth. The inner side of the first, 

 and bofh sides of the second and third branchial arches with alternating 

 larger and smaller vertical ridges, which are longitudinally grooved below ; 

 they are mostly unarmed, but the larger have sometimes one or two teeth at 

 their extremities. The branchial arches of the fourth pair have many little 

 separated dentiferous tubercles on their concave margins ; the teeth are 

 chiefly cylindro-conic. 



The genus now characterized differs from Pristipoma* of which the Pristi- 

 poma hasta of Cuvier or Lutjanus hasta of Bloch is the type, by its form, smaller 

 mouth, thick lips and pharyngeal bones ; the height is much greater and the 

 profile much more oblique ; the facies is consequently quite dissimilar to that 

 of the Pristipomi hasta. 



Anisotremus virginicus Gill. 



Guatucupa Juba Marcgrave, Historia Naturalis Brasilia;, p. 147. 1648. 



Acara pinima Marcgrave, loc. cit , p. 152. 



Sparus virginicus Linn. Systema Naturte, ed. x. (Holmiae,) vol. i. p. 281. 



1758. 

 Sparus vittatus Bloch, Naturgeschichte der Auslandischen Fische. 

 Perca juba Bloch, op. cit. torn. 

 Le Rhomboidal Daubenlon and Kauy. Encyclopedie_Methodique, torn iii. pp. 



333, 376. 

 Le Rhomboidal (S. Virginicus) Bonnaterre, Tableau Encyclopedique ct Me- 



thodique, Ichthyologie, p. 103. 

 Sparus virginicus Linn., Systema Naturaj, Gmelin ed., p. 1278. 

 Sparus vittatus Artedi, Genera Piscium, Walbaum ed., p. 290. 

 Sparus virginicus Artedi, Genera Piscium, Walbaum ed., p. 297. 

 Sparus Jub. Lactpede, Hist. Nat. des Poissons, torn. iv. pp. 43, 138. 

 Lutjanus virginicus Laciplde, op. cit., torn. iv. pp. 197, 199. 



*Pristipoma Cuv. Regne Animal, ed. i. vol. ii. p. 279. 



[May, 



