The Scottish Naturalist. 139 



surface of the third eyelid, and not in the usual position of the 

 ducts of the lachrymal gland. That this gland, to some extent, 

 fulfils the function of the lachrymal gland is rendered probable 

 by the statements of African travellers, one of whom (Cumming) 

 describes an elephant, after suffering from the effect of several 

 balls, as weeping profusely. The mode, however, in which the 

 secretion of this gland is got rid of under ordinary circumstances 

 is difficult to determine in the absence of all trace of an excre- 

 tory apparatus." 



Professor Macalister wrote me from Trinity College, Dublin, 

 of date 15th February, 1873 : — 



" I send you some papers* which may help you. You will 

 see from them that some Facial muscles are present in very 

 many animals. The Gorilla has a fine lot of them, and there is 

 no anatomical reason why he should not laugh as well as the best 

 of his cousins. The Risorius Santorini is by no means a con- 

 stant muscle, nor is it essential to laughing. The Zygomatics, 

 which are among the most constant muscles of the face in 

 mammals, are very much more directly concerned in the action. 

 My idea is that the hairy covering of the face obscures the 

 action of the muscles in- many animals, and if we shaved them 

 we would see a very much greater play of feature than we ima- 

 gine them to possess. Barefaced monkeys do show modifica- 

 tions of expression very decidedly." 



To the same distinguished Irish zoologist I am indebted for 

 the following additional Bibliographical notes : — 



"There are some very interesting things on your subject of 

 Mind in the Lower Animals in C. G. Cams' ' Vergleichende 

 Psychologie oder Geschichte der Seele in der Reihenfolge der 

 Thierwelt,' published at Vienna in i860. Also in a rather 

 curious treatise by W. Wandt, ' Vorlesungen iiber die Menschen 



* These papers consist of reprints of a number of the Professor's contri- 

 butions to Comparative Anatomy — originally published in the "Annals and 

 Magazine of Natural History, "including the following subjects : — (1) "On 

 some points in the Myology of the Chimpanzee and others of the Pri- 

 mates." Annals, May, 1871. (2) " On the Myology of Bradypus 

 tridactylus, with remarks on the general muscular anatomy of the Eden- 

 tata." Annals, July, 1869. (3) "On the Myology of the Wombat and 

 the Tasmanian Devil. " Annals, March, 1870. (4) " Further observations 

 on the Myology of the Tasmanian Devil." Annals, July, 1872. (5) "The 

 Muscular Anatomy of the Koala." Annals, August, 1872. (6) "Notes 

 on the Anatomy of the Derriah." Annals, July, 1872. 



