THE ANTIQUITY OF MAN 



211 



wherein a cooling, perhaps sudden, but in any case very marked, 

 showed itself and then disappeared. 



At this moment, a part of the globe at least, and Europe in par- 

 ticular, was much colder than it is now. We have proof of this in the 

 glaciers of the Alps. Instead of stopping at the place where they do 

 now, these glaciers filled most of the Swiss valleys, descending even in 

 the valley of the Rhone ; and from one end to the other of these val- 

 leys enormous blocks of rock were transported by the glaciers, and 



Fig. 2. 



Fig. 3. 



mdUS. ! 



>jv *.;.: 



Section, 



Arrow-shaped Flint Implements. 



left on the spot. It is these which now constitute what we call erratic 

 blocks. 



During the Quaternary epoch, there lived in France very different 

 animals from those which we find now. Among them I may refer to 

 the great cave-bears, which were remarkable for their size and for their 

 bulging foreheads. I will also mention the hyena. You know that 

 now we have no hyenas, and that they are only found in countries 

 much warmer than France. To the preceding species I will add the 

 rhinoceros. I call attention particularly to an elephant, of which this 

 is the picture (Fig. 1), and which we call the mammoth. This elephant, 



