SKETCH OF FREDERICK WARD PUTNAM. 693 



If hunger and inner nutrition are not the only law of being, if expendi- 

 ture from self to without is also a fundamental and essential law, it re- 

 sults that egotism is not radical, and activity may really become loving. 

 The being does not tend solely to bring everything toward itself, as if 

 by a gravitation of which it is the only center ; but it tends also to 

 extend, to give, and to join itself. Utilitarianism, Darwinism, and 

 Spinozism are passed by. Enjoyment, " pure and veritable," which is 

 not merely a remedy for pain, thus becomes apparent as the overflow- 

 ing activity, which feels itself at last free from obstacles, superior to 

 what was strictly necessary for the satisfaction of want ; it is no longer 

 a simple balance, but a profit, and, as we think we have shown, a sur- 

 plus. It is, therefore, in the domain of sense, something analogous to 

 what in art causes pleasure by excellence, and realizes the supreme 

 charm grace. Grace is produced by a superabundance, resulting in 

 enfranchisement from the rude struggle for existence, freedom and ease 

 of motion, facile play of thought, expansion of the heart, and generos- 

 ity of the will. True pleasure is the grace of life. Translated for 

 the Popular Science Monthly from the Revue des Deux Mondes. 



-++* 



SKETCH OF FEEDEEICK WAED PUTNAM. 



By CHAKLES C. ABBOTT, M. D. 



OF the long series of living American scientists, probably no one 

 is more generally and favorably known than Frederick Ward 

 Putnam, Curator of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology 

 and Ethnology, at Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Permanent Secre- 

 tary of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. 



Brief reference to Mr. Putnam's ancestry will prove of interest. 

 He is a lineal descendant of John Putnam, who came from England, 

 circa 1634, and whose family became very prominent in Salem, Massa- 

 chusetts, particularly during the witchcraft delusion. A glance at the 

 Putnam genealogy shows how large a proportion of the prominent 

 people of that historic town, Salem, are included among his ancestors 

 Fiskes, Higginsons, Palfreys, Hathornes, and others. The same is 

 true of his mother's family, the Appletons. As was the case with the 

 Putnam family, the great majority were graduates of Harvard Col- 

 lege, one of them, the Eev. John Rogers, being president of that in- 

 stitution. 



Mr. Putnam was born at Salem, April 16, 1839, being the youngest 

 of the three sons of Eben and Elizabeth Appleton Putnam. In very 

 early life he evinced a fondness for natural history, which his parents 

 wisely encouraged, and he was fortunate also in living in a town where 

 was maintained a most excellent zoological museum. 



Putnam's active scientific career dates from his election to mem- 



