16 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW. 



Cancer (Gammariis) littoreus, Montagu, Linn. 

 Trans., ix., p. 96, t. 4, f. 4. 



Orchestia littorea, Leach, Eclin. Encyc., vii., p. 402. 



Orchestia Erichore, F. Muller, Archiv. f. Naturgesch., 

 xiv., p. 53, pi. 4. 



Talitrus tripudians, Kroyer, Nat. Tidsskr., 2 R., i., 

 p. 311, tab. iii., fig. 2, a-e. 



This species has been called the shore-hopper, in 

 contradistinction to the last-named species — the 

 sand-hopper — which is more frequently found on 

 tracts of sand. The shore-hopper occupies a similar 

 belt at the upper verge of high-water mark, as well 

 as lower down under stones and decaying sea-weed 

 cast ashore ; and it is frequently met with in moist 

 situations, far above high-water mark, under stones 

 grown round with grass, and in pasturage under the 

 decaying droppings of cattle. 



Bate and Westwood remark that " this species is 

 more frequently found on rocky shores than on 

 sandy bays, although it is met with where the two 

 conditions meet,"* which agrees with my own ex- 

 perience. Like the sand-hopper, it does not seem to 

 be able to live long continuously under water, 

 although it appears quite at home in it for a time. 

 When put into a vessel with sea-water, it swims 

 along the bottom, but is more inclined to walk. In 

 attempting to ascend in the water, it seems to de- 

 pend more on the stroke given by the tail on the 

 bottom of the vessel than on any other swimming 

 appendage. A dozen were put into a saucer filled 

 with sea- water at 5.30 p.m., and at 11 p.m. they 

 appeared less active. Next morning, at 7 a.m., two 

 only were living. These were replaced in renewed 

 sea- water, where they lived five hours longer. I 

 suspect that these two had got up during the night 

 to the edge of the water, and had been refreshed by 

 a supply of air. I have one of this species in my 

 collection, with the second hand fully one-half 

 smaller on the left side than on the right. 

 * Brit, Sessilc-cyed Crust., vol. i., p. 29. 



