THE CADZOW HERD OF WHITE CATTLE. 213 



doubted." The "uncommon fineness and delicacy of 

 the bones," he admits, "are never to be found in 

 real wild cattle " ; but he attributes these to confine- 

 ment to limited areas and to close breeding. I do 

 not pretend to question the decision of such an 

 eminent specialist ; but whatever may be the osteo- 

 logical characteristics of the cattle, there is little 

 perceptible difference between the breeds except that 

 the Chillingham cattle are white and the Highland 

 Kyloes generally black and not so afraid of man. 

 Occasionally, also, the Kyloe occurs of a pure white 

 with a tendency to black like the park cattle on the 

 ears, muzzles, hoofs, etc. That the park cattle may be 

 more closely related to primigenius than the Kyloe is 

 probable, but the black calves that are occasionally 

 born at both Chillingham and Caclzow appear to 

 betoken the original colour of the cattle from which 

 the breed by selection has been derived. Youatt (1834) 

 considers the Cadzow cattle as closely related to the 

 Galloway and other polled breeds. Dr. Robert Knox, 

 in his communication to the Royal Society on the 

 Wild Ox of Scotland (1838), thinks it bears the 

 strongest resemblance to the Galloway breed. The 

 proper Galloway breed are black and polled, but up 

 to the middle of last century most of them Avere 

 horned. They are extremely tame and docile animals, 

 however, even the bulls being seldom trouble- 

 some ; and in these respects they differ from 

 the white cattle, though much of this divergence 

 is perhaps to be attributed to mode of treatment. 

 Dr. Knox says : " The cranium of the wild ox of 

 Hamilton differs very much from those of most 

 domestic oxen, particularly in the breadth of the 

 forehead, shortness of the nasal bones, and configura- 

 tion of the interior of the nostrils." The measure- 

 ments of this specimen are given in Dr. Smith's 

 paper already referred to. 



Boyd Dawkins has expressed his opinion that the 

 park cattle are descended from anciently-domesti- 

 cated and not truly wild animals, and that from the 



B 



