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THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



THE TYNDALL TRUST FUND. 



It may be recollected that, at the close 

 of his lectures in this country, 1872-73, 

 Professor Tyndall left all the money he 

 had received, except what was consumed 

 in expenses, as a trust, the income of 

 which was to be devoted to the assist- 

 ance of American students in physics 

 desirous of completing their studies in 

 Germany. The fund was intended, of 

 course, for those who were without suf- 

 ficient means of their own for the pur- 

 pose, and was to be only available for 

 such students as had shown an inclina- 

 tion for original studies, and some ap- 

 titude and capacity in pursuing them. 

 Trustees were appointed to take charge 

 of the fund, which was at first so small 

 that it was thought best to let it accu- 

 mulate until the income became suflB- 

 cient to give a moderate support to two 

 students. The ilicrease of the capital 

 has now reached a point at which the 

 income of the trust becomes apph cable 

 for its purpose. 



The original trustees appointed by 

 Professor Tyndall were Professor Jo- 

 seph Henry, of Washington; General 

 Hector Tyndale, of Philadelphia ; and 

 E. L. Youmans, of New York. The two 

 former are dead, and President F. A. P. 

 Barnard, of Columbia College, New 

 York, and Professor Joseph Lovering, 

 of Harvard University, Cambridge, have 

 been appointed in their places. Appli- 

 cations for the benefit of the trust can 

 be made to either of the trustees. 



LITERARY NOTICES. 



Studies from the Biological Laboratory 

 OF Johns Hopkins University. Parts 

 I, H, and IV, and Scientific Results of 

 the Chesapeake Zoological Laboratory, 

 Session of 1 878, forming Part HI. Bal- 

 timore : John Murphy & Co. 1880. 

 Price, per Part, $1.00. 



We can not too heartily congratulate 

 Johns Hopkins University in being able to 

 publish a work of such great value as the 

 one before us. Its fame abroad will rest 



almost solely on these careful memoirs, 

 which have doubtless found their way into 

 the scientific libraries of the Old World, 

 and in return for which the university must 

 have gained many additions to its own 

 shelves. Through the liberal recognition of 

 the value of scientific work, the trustees of 

 the university can lay claim to a publication 

 having already reached four parts, number- 

 ing over five hundred pages, and illustrated 

 by forty admirable plates. 



The first part contains an elaborate 

 paper on " The Normal Respiratory Move- 

 ments of the Frog, and the Influence upon 

 its Respiratory Center of Stimulation of the 

 Optic Lobes," by Dr. H. Newell Martin, 

 Professor of Biology in the University. 

 Among the many contradictory accounts in 

 regard to the mechanism of this process, 

 Professor Martin says that the first detailed 

 description by Townson in 1794 is essen- 

 tially correct in all respects. After giving 

 the conclusions of various authors, he de- 

 tails his own experiments, illustrated by 

 diagrams. These consisted in carefully re- 

 moving the central lobes and optic thalami, 

 and, after observing the diagram made by 

 the animal's respiratory movements, he stim- 

 ulated the anterior cut ends of the optic 

 lobes by a crystal of salt, and carefully 

 noted the results. He found that irritation 

 of the optic lobes diminished the irritability 

 of the inspiratory center, and increased that 

 of the expiratory center. In conclusion he 

 points out that the results of chemical stim- J 

 ulation of the corpora quadrigemina in the 

 mammal, as described by Ferrier, " corre- 

 spond with the results of chemical stimu- 

 lation of corresponding parts in the frog." 



The next memoir, by Henry Sewell, B. 

 Sc, is on " The Development and Regenera- 

 tion of the Gastric Glandular Epithelium 

 during Foetal Life and after Birth." A pro- 

 longed study of the different cells in the 

 glands of the adult stomach having failed 

 to give the author such insight into their 

 various functions as he desired, recourse 

 was had to the stomachs of embryos ; his 

 material consisting mostly of embryo cats 

 and dogs. He shows in summing up that 

 " the stomach-glands are formed by ridge- 

 like outgrowths from the surface of the 

 mucous membrane. The hypoblastic cells, 

 at first in a single layer, become several 



