300 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



uncivilized tribes, in whose food and way of life there is little to cause 

 difference between one man and another, and who have lived together 

 and intermarried for many generations. Thus Fig. 9, taken from a 

 j^hotograph of a i)arty of Caribs, is remarkable for the close likeness 

 running through all. In such a nation the race-type is peculiarly easy 

 to make out. It is by no means always thus easy to represent a whole 

 population. To see how ditticult it may be, one has only to look at an 

 English crowd, with its endless diversity. But, to get a view of the 

 problem of human varieties, it is best to attend to the simplest cases 

 tirst, looking at some uniform and well-marked race, and asking what 

 in the course of ages may happen to it. 



The first thing to be noticed is its power of lasting. Where a 

 23eople lives on in its own district, without too much change in habits, 

 or mixture with other nations, there seems no reason to expect its 

 type to alter. The Egyptian monuments show good instances of this 

 permanence. Indeed, the ancient Egyptian race, who built the Pyra- 

 mids, and whose life and toil are pictured on the walls of the tombs, are 

 with little change still represented by the fellahs of the villages, who 

 carry on the old labor under new tax-gatherers. Thus, too, the Ethio- 

 pians on the early Egyptian bass-reliefs may have their counterparts 

 picked out still among the White Nile tribes, while we recognize in the 

 figures of Phoenician or Israelite captives the familiar Jewish profile of 

 our own day. Thus there is proof that a race may keep its special 

 characters plainly recognizable for over thirty centuries, or a hundred 

 generations. And this permanence of type may more or less remain 

 when the race migrates far from its early home, as when African ne- 



^^v- 



-.-L 





Fig. 11. Cafusa Woman. 



groes are carried into America, or Israelites naturalize themselves fi-om 

 Archangel to Singapore. Where marked change has taken place in 

 the appearance of a nation, the cause of this change must be sought 

 in intermarriage with foreigners, or altered conditions of life, or both. 1 

 The result of intermarriage or crossing of races is familiar to all 



