EUROPEAN SCHOOLS OF FORESTRY. 319 



The course of instruction at Nancy covers two years, and is very 

 mucli like that at the German schools. 



Another school, called the school of Forest Guards, at Barres, was 

 established in 1865, by the Director-General of Forests, on what had 

 been the estate of an eminent arboriculturist, M. Yilmorin. It has 

 been reorganized recently and its plan has been extended. 



An Agronomic Institute has been established lately at the Con- 

 servatory of Arts and Trades at Paris, having for its object the ad- 

 vancement of agriculture. It has fifteen professors, several of whom 

 will be instructors of forestry in some of its branches. In addition to 

 the instruction in forestry thus given, the French forestry administra- 

 tion is accustomed to send out agents to instruct classes in forestry at 

 several of the agricultural schools. There are also inferior forest 

 schools for the education of subaltern foresters at Grenoble and Yillers- 

 Cotterets. 



The Austrian Empire is second only to Germany in the abundance 

 and character of its forest schools and in the general interest taken in 

 the subject of forestry. At the head of the Austrian schools stands 

 the Imperial High School of Agriculture and Forestry at Vienna. This 

 was founded by a royal decree of 1872, upon the basis of a reorgan- 

 ized forest school originally established at Mariabrunn, near Vienna, 

 at the entrance of the beautiful Wienerwald. The school occupied 

 an old monastery, and in it were gathered the amplest apparatus for 

 study, including very fine museums and collections. By the decree of 

 1872 this school was united with the Agricultural College of Vienna, 

 and the two now constitute one school in two sections. The agricultu- 

 ral section was opened in 1872, the forest section in 1875. The con- 

 solidated institution is designed to give the best instruction both in 

 agriculture and forestry. The course of instruction extends over three 

 years. Two classes of students are admitted : the ordinary, who must 

 bring a certificate that they have completed a course at a gymnasium 

 or upper real-school, or a department school of equal rank ; and the ex- 

 traordinary, who must have sufficient preparatory training at least to 

 enable them to understand the lectures, and who must have reached 

 the age of seventeen years. The latter class are also obliged to pay 

 tuition fees and can not receive the state stipends of which the ordi- 

 nary pupils may avail themselves. 



What are called secondary schools of forestry are established at 

 Weisswasser in Bohemia, Eulenberg in Moravia, and at Lemberg in 

 Galicia. These schools are formed on the German model. The course 

 of instruction embraces two years. The requirements for admission 

 are attendance for one year at a lower real-school or gymnasium, and 

 in some cases a year's forest practice besides. Tuition is practically 

 free. 



There are also schools of forestrv in Hung^ary. One is the Royal 

 Hungarian Mining and Forest Academy at Schemnitz, which has been 



